{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2482821019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525274","title":"A hierarchical distributed MPC for HVAC systems","display_name":"A hierarchical distributed MPC for HVAC systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2482821019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525274","mag":"2482821019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040300765","display_name":"Yushen Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushen Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320474","display_name":"Shuai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-9450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365448","display_name":"Lihua Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045975901","display_name":"Karl Henrik Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-5929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. H. Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS Linnaeus Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS Linnaeus Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2385","last_page":"2390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12772","display_name":"Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.9399029612541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.7130811214447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.6985514163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6552190184593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6290463209152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5866858959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5274786353111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5219585299491882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort","display_name":"Thermal comfort","score":0.5116291642189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4920055568218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.4608366787433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.43385428190231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3946782052516937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.33902662992477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.219813734292984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11912679672241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0713401734828949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.9399029612541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.7130811214447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.6985514163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6552190184593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6290463209152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5866858959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5274786353111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5219585299491882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.5116291642189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4920055568218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4608366787433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.43385428190231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3946782052516937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.33902662992477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.219813734292984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11912679672241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0713401734828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509185796","https://openalex.org/W1619545498","https://openalex.org/W1630241696","https://openalex.org/W1805332844","https://openalex.org/W1970181869","https://openalex.org/W1981723834","https://openalex.org/W1984506926","https://openalex.org/W2002765179","https://openalex.org/W2015745168","https://openalex.org/W2019348145","https://openalex.org/W2036580231","https://openalex.org/W2043536644","https://openalex.org/W2043807141","https://openalex.org/W2048403822","https://openalex.org/W2049425685","https://openalex.org/W2051389656","https://openalex.org/W2056598819","https://openalex.org/W2056706729","https://openalex.org/W2066323216","https://openalex.org/W2082114857","https://openalex.org/W2082756984","https://openalex.org/W2106949712","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2129863797","https://openalex.org/W2134889984","https://openalex.org/W3017785881","https://openalex.org/W4233541504","https://openalex.org/W6636389126","https://openalex.org/W6676018967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357294886","https://openalex.org/W3038059713","https://openalex.org/W4281749375","https://openalex.org/W2079922090","https://openalex.org/W2017084161","https://openalex.org/W4388647520","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W4205684936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"a":[3,44,79,100],"hierarchical":[4],"distributed":[5],"model":[6],"predictive":[7,67],"control":[8,31,53,125],"scheme":[9,54],"is":[10,33,55,112],"proposed":[11,110,124],"for":[12],"heating,":[13],"ventilation":[14],"and":[15,28,41,66,72,91,95],"air-conditioning":[16],"(HVAC)":[17],"systems":[18],"in":[19,24],"buildings.":[20],"The":[21,30,60],"building":[22],"consists":[23],"multiple":[25],"connected":[26],"rooms":[27,71],"zones.":[29],"objective":[32],"to":[34,74,87,118],"keep":[35],"the":[36,89,109,120],"temperature":[37,65],"of":[38,69,103,108,122],"each":[39],"room":[40],"zone":[42],"at":[43],"given":[45,117],"comfortable":[46],"level":[47,62,81],"with":[48],"minimal":[49],"energy":[50,93],"consumption.":[51],"This":[52],"divided":[56],"into":[57],"two":[58],"levels.":[59],"upper":[61],"controller":[63,82],"collects":[64],"information":[68,86],"all":[70],"zones":[73],"generate":[75],"reference":[76,90],"trajectories":[77],"while":[78],"lower":[80],"only":[83],"uses":[84],"local":[85],"track":[88],"optimize":[92],"efficiency":[94],"thermal":[96],"comfort.":[97],"By":[98],"using":[99],"contraction":[101],"property":[102],"building's":[104],"dynamics,":[105],"recursive":[106],"feasibility":[107],"algorithm":[111],"guaranteed.":[113],"Simulation":[114],"results":[115],"are":[116],"show":[119],"performance":[121],"our":[123],"strategy.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
