{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2488141085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525221","title":"Enhancing opacity of stochastic discrete event systems using insertion functions","display_name":"Enhancing opacity of stochastic discrete event systems using insertion functions","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2488141085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525221","mag":"2488141085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015267150","display_name":"Yi-Chin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-2968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS Department, University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS Department, University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000145156","display_name":"Gil Lederman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gil Lederman","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS Department at UC Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS Department at UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027585653","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Lafortune","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane Lafortune","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS Department, University of Michigan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS Department, University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015267150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81087954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2053","last_page":"2060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.8374379873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.7262193560600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060904860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5770292282104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-automaton","display_name":"Probabilistic automaton","score":0.5630438923835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5614862442016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.5095655918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.4622156023979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.45377686619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4457830488681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3714336156845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14107394218444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09857696294784546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.8374379873275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.7262193560600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060904860496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5770292282104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174784677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176567","display_name":"Probabilistic automaton","level":3,"score":0.5630438923835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5614862442016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.5095655918121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.4622156023979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45377686619758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4457830488681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3714336156845093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14107394218444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09857696294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1180317329","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1575632017","https://openalex.org/W1587663028","https://openalex.org/W1597006527","https://openalex.org/W1992424076","https://openalex.org/W1998450507","https://openalex.org/W2019851160","https://openalex.org/W2037457229","https://openalex.org/W2040603575","https://openalex.org/W2052227055","https://openalex.org/W2090930915","https://openalex.org/W2277995286","https://openalex.org/W2288318379","https://openalex.org/W2509841691","https://openalex.org/W3037660916","https://openalex.org/W6627883108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242459863","https://openalex.org/W127357700","https://openalex.org/W1480528870","https://openalex.org/W2508541108","https://openalex.org/W4243191745","https://openalex.org/W2315419748","https://openalex.org/W4248402004","https://openalex.org/W2159449605","https://openalex.org/W1029445510","https://openalex.org/W2724597727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"extends":[2],"prior":[3],"works":[4],"on":[5,59],"the":[6,25,28,60,68,71,89,93],"enforcement":[7],"of":[8,27],"opacity":[9,44,61,90],"for":[10,45],"systems":[11,46],"modeled":[12,47],"as":[13,48,67],"finite-state":[14,50],"automata":[15],"using":[16],"insertion":[17,40,56,85],"functions.":[18],"Insertion":[19],"functions":[20,41],"insert":[21],"fictitious":[22],"events":[23],"at":[24],"output":[26,96],"system,":[29],"thereby":[30],"obfuscating":[31],"its":[32],"secret":[33],"behaviors.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,53],"use":[39],"to":[42],"enhance":[43],"probabilistic":[49],"automata.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"quantify":[54],"each":[55],"function":[57,86],"based":[58],"level":[62],"that":[63,70,81,87],"it":[64],"achieves,":[65],"defined":[66],"probability":[69],"system":[72],"remains":[73],"opaque.":[74],"We":[75],"then":[76],"develop":[77],"an":[78,83],"algorithmic":[79],"procedure":[80],"synthesizes":[82],"optimal":[84],"maximizes":[88],"level,":[91],"when":[92],"system's":[94],"observable":[95],"is":[97],"finite-length.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}