{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2486688176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525113","title":"Lidar-enhanced wind turbine control: Past, present, and future","display_name":"Lidar-enhanced wind turbine control: Past, present, and future","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2486688176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525113","mag":"2486688176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1266694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006643941","display_name":"Andrew Scholbrock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330989302","display_name":"United States Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Scholbrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047296570","display_name":"Paul Fleming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-2544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330989302","display_name":"United States Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061135029","display_name":"David Schlipf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-6422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Schlipf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stuttgart Wind Energy, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stuttgart Wind Energy, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110196725","display_name":"Alan Wright","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330989302","display_name":"United States Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792731","display_name":"Kathryn Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330989302","display_name":"United States Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO","U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461427","display_name":"Na Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-8548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330989302","display_name":"United States Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Energy, Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":132.5231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99885544,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1399","last_page":"1406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12719","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems","score":0.9368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.8250221014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.7877824902534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6284483671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5980439782142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.5262571573257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-control","display_name":"Pitch control","score":0.4980335235595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.42505884170532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3919847011566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3795463740825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.36726629734039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34290218353271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.1979510486125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.16720816493034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.12927782535552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.05083528161048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.05080598592758179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.8250221014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.7877824902534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6284483671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5980439782142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5262571573257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027065","display_name":"Pitch control","level":3,"score":0.4980335235595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.42505884170532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3919847011566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3795463740825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36726629734039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34290218353271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.1979510486125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.16720816493034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.12927782535552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.05083528161048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.05080598592758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1266694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1266694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1266694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1266694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505411575","https://openalex.org/W1513629148","https://openalex.org/W1518947409","https://openalex.org/W1521391089","https://openalex.org/W1550104503","https://openalex.org/W1576143152","https://openalex.org/W1587020617","https://openalex.org/W1588007461","https://openalex.org/W1807324948","https://openalex.org/W1968636549","https://openalex.org/W1982964573","https://openalex.org/W1984290509","https://openalex.org/W1992013827","https://openalex.org/W1995762753","https://openalex.org/W2022978406","https://openalex.org/W2033377619","https://openalex.org/W2037735438","https://openalex.org/W2057310213","https://openalex.org/W2059800044","https://openalex.org/W2060640301","https://openalex.org/W2063950661","https://openalex.org/W2078784895","https://openalex.org/W2089124419","https://openalex.org/W2089427351","https://openalex.org/W2093886297","https://openalex.org/W2096701300","https://openalex.org/W2100532085","https://openalex.org/W2118264798","https://openalex.org/W2118726547","https://openalex.org/W2133396241","https://openalex.org/W2150067632","https://openalex.org/W2152370860","https://openalex.org/W2188075236","https://openalex.org/W2292709616","https://openalex.org/W2314407969","https://openalex.org/W2323475523","https://openalex.org/W2325828997","https://openalex.org/W2332110491","https://openalex.org/W2334701437","https://openalex.org/W2946695614","https://openalex.org/W4233022866","https://openalex.org/W4249277411","https://openalex.org/W6630403770","https://openalex.org/W6630675044","https://openalex.org/W6630925097","https://openalex.org/W6633083295","https://openalex.org/W6635323066","https://openalex.org/W6659629548","https://openalex.org/W6665151725","https://openalex.org/W6677596896","https://openalex.org/W6697034581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380482219","https://openalex.org/W4377969695","https://openalex.org/W4312678308","https://openalex.org/W2181650644","https://openalex.org/W1968636549","https://openalex.org/W4200172456","https://openalex.org/W2542996483","https://openalex.org/W3000446757","https://openalex.org/W2133396241","https://openalex.org/W2790533130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"main":[1],"challenges":[2],"in":[3,23,97,206],"harvesting":[4],"energy":[5,28,132,166,201],"from":[6,10],"the":[7,11,18,31,40,65,109,180,197],"wind":[8,15,35,44,47,58,66,79,95,102,176,181,200,208],"arise":[9],"unknown":[12],"incoming":[13,101],"turbulent":[14],"field.":[16],"Balancing":[17],"competing":[19],"interests":[20],"of":[21,33,42,99,111,199],"reduction":[22],"structural":[24],"loads":[25,163],"and":[26,114,149,164,184],"increasing":[27],"production":[29,133],"is":[30,170],"goal":[32],"a":[34,71,78,90,94,207],"turbine":[36,80,96,122,177],"controller":[37,91],"to":[38,52,57,73,77,85,92,144,160,179,194],"reduce":[39],"cost":[41,198],"producing":[43],"energy.":[45],"Conventional":[46],"turbines":[48],"use":[49],"feedback":[50],"methods":[51,193],"optimize":[53],"these":[54],"goals,":[55],"reacting":[56],"disturbances":[59],"after":[60],"they":[61,116],"have":[62,117],"already":[63],"impacted":[64],"turbine.":[67],"Lidar":[68],"sensors":[69],"offer":[70],"means":[72],"provide":[74],"additional":[75],"inputs":[76],"controller,":[81],"enabling":[82],"new":[83],"techniques":[84],"improve":[86],"control":[87,151,157,192],"methods,":[88],"allowing":[89],"actuate":[93],"anticipation":[98],"an":[100],"disturbance.":[103],"This":[104],"paper":[105],"will":[106,140],"look":[107],"at":[108],"development":[110],"lidar-enhanced":[112],"controls":[113,178],"how":[115,186],"been":[118],"used":[119,190],"for":[120,191],"various":[121],"load":[123],"reductions":[124],"with":[125,134],"pitch":[126,148],"actuation,":[127],"as":[128,130],"well":[129],"increased":[131,165],"improved":[135],"yaw":[136],"control.":[137],"Ongoing":[138],"work":[139,169],"also":[141,171],"be":[142,189],"discussed":[143],"show":[145],"that":[146],"combining":[147],"torque":[150],"using":[152],"feedforward":[153],"nonlinear":[154],"model":[155],"predictive":[156],"can":[158,188],"lead":[159],"both":[161],"reduced":[162],"production.":[167],"Future":[168],"proposed":[172],"on":[173],"extending":[174],"individual":[175],"plant":[182],"level":[183],"determining":[185],"lidars":[187],"further":[195],"lower":[196],"by":[202],"minimizing":[203],"wake":[204],"impacts":[205],"farm.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}