{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2484875380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525096","title":"Prospective HIV clinical trial comparison by expected Kullback-Leibler Divergence","display_name":"Prospective HIV clinical trial comparison by expected Kullback-Leibler Divergence","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2484875380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525096","mag":"2484875380","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29332991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5761735","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065604056","display_name":"LaMont Cannon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-9331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LaMont Cannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Department, Newark, DE 19716, USA","University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Department, Newark, DE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Department, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Department, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053718440","display_name":"Cesar A. Vargas-Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-8882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Augusto Vargas Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Newark, DE 19716, USA","University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071195993","display_name":"Michael J. Piovoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Piovoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Newark, DE 19716, USA","University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Newark, DE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062050026","display_name":"Ryan Zurakowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3726-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Zurakowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Department, Newark, DE 19716, USA","University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Newark, DE 19716, USA","University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Newark, DE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Biomedical Engineering Department, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delaware Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Newark, DE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065604056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75328005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1295","last_page":"1300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.787123441696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.702050507068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6372212767601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.5547773838043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5440584421157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.5357227921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5169546008110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5016446113586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-immunodeficiency-virus","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","score":0.43034303188323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3510637879371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30674946308135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2146938145160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11303302645683289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.787123441696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.702050507068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6372212767601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.5547773838043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5440584421157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5357227921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5169546008110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5016446113586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.43034303188323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3510637879371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30674946308135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2146938145160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11303302645683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2016.7525096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29332991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29332991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference. American Control Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5761735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5761735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Am Control Conf","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5761735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5761735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Am Control Conf","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512742024","https://openalex.org/W1539694548","https://openalex.org/W1549854676","https://openalex.org/W1553010236","https://openalex.org/W1964380294","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1971866212","https://openalex.org/W1989254919","https://openalex.org/W2005141763","https://openalex.org/W2007587835","https://openalex.org/W2020009149","https://openalex.org/W2056833651","https://openalex.org/W2090646713","https://openalex.org/W2106051882","https://openalex.org/W2108967738","https://openalex.org/W2123487311","https://openalex.org/W2127638407","https://openalex.org/W2164273972","https://openalex.org/W2169767468","https://openalex.org/W2774292278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105321464","https://openalex.org/W2887774187","https://openalex.org/W2388220555","https://openalex.org/W3048739257","https://openalex.org/W1665563134","https://openalex.org/W2963604926","https://openalex.org/W1616881371","https://openalex.org/W1520875569","https://openalex.org/W2199957582","https://openalex.org/W2033178790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"sample":[1,117,152],"frequency":[2],"and":[3,71,142],"volume":[4],"of":[5,34,67,85,123,159],"blood":[6],"that":[7,36,81],"can":[8,37],"be":[9,38,56],"drawn":[10],"from":[11],"a":[12,41,93,105,120,139,143,147,163],"single":[13],"patient":[14,62],"is":[15,44,74,90],"meticulously":[16],"restricted":[17],"under":[18],"the":[19,32,86,130,157,166],"human":[20],"subject":[21],"protection":[22],"protocols":[23],"established":[24],"by":[25],"an":[26,50,113],"institutional":[27],"review":[28],"board":[29],"(IRB).":[30],"Consequently,":[31],"amount":[33],"samples":[35],"taken":[39,57],"during":[40],"particular":[42],"experiment":[43,52,87,114,149,167],"limited.":[45],"In":[46],"order":[47],"to":[48,60,76,170],"ensure":[49],"effective":[51],"design,":[53],"considerations":[54],"must":[55],"choosing":[58],"when":[59],"take":[61],"samples.":[63],"A":[64],"validated":[65],"model":[66],"HIV-1":[68],"viral":[69],"replication":[70],"2-LTR":[72],"production":[73],"exploited":[75],"find":[77],"sub-optimal":[78],"sampling":[79],"schedules":[80,109,127],"maximize":[82],"information":[83,136,172],"content":[84],"outcome.":[88],"This":[89,154],"done":[91],"through":[92],"Forward":[94],"Stepwise":[95],"Regression":[96],"(FSR)":[97],"process":[98,132,169],"with":[99,129,150],"Kullback":[100],"Liebler":[101],"Divergence":[102],"(KLD)":[103],"as":[104,162],"selection":[106],"criterion.":[107],"Suboptimal":[108],"are":[110],"found":[111,128],"for":[112],"taking":[115],"four":[116],"points":[118],"over":[119],"possible":[121],"span":[122],"20":[124],"weeks.":[125],"All":[126],"FSR":[131],"contain":[133],"significantly":[134],"more":[135],"than":[137],"both":[138],"uniform":[140],"schedule":[141,144],"used":[145],"in":[146,165],"previous":[148],"4":[151],"points.":[153],"work":[155],"demonstrates":[156],"advantages":[158],"using":[160],"KLD":[161],"tool":[164],"design":[168],"increase":[171],"content.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
