{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973805501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580369","title":"Self-sustaining strategy for a hybrid electric bike","display_name":"Self-sustaining strategy for a hybrid electric bike","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973805501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580369","mag":"1973805501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2013.6580369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053504403","display_name":"Pierfrancesco Spagnol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierfrancesco Spagnol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066842848","display_name":"Matteo Corno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Corno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065978762","display_name":"Roberto Mura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Mura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047303451","display_name":"Sergio M. Savaresi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio M. Savaresi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Elettron. e Inf., Politec. di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97207587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3479","last_page":"3484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6443439722061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.6231901049613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5780102014541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5542089343070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5379899144172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5226390361785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5084287524223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3017812967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.15689295530319214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6443439722061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.6231901049613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5780102014541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5542089343070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5379899144172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5226390361785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5084287524223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3017812967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15689295530319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2013.6580369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/732571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/732571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576391093","https://openalex.org/W1602165683","https://openalex.org/W2008775202","https://openalex.org/W2036321812","https://openalex.org/W2051340649","https://openalex.org/W2058029017","https://openalex.org/W2074792443","https://openalex.org/W2102886344","https://openalex.org/W2518990512","https://openalex.org/W2759559377","https://openalex.org/W6652766790","https://openalex.org/W7026992644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W4385625847","https://openalex.org/W3195056770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrically":[0],"Power":[1],"Assisted":[2],"Cycles":[3],"(EPACs)":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"gaining":[7],"attention":[8],"as":[9],"an":[10],"efficient":[11],"and":[12,51,87,93],"clean":[13],"means":[14],"of":[15,22,48,91],"transportation.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,75],"work,":[19],"the":[20,45,49,53,57,65,68,96,101],"concept":[21],"full":[23],"hybrid":[24],"bike":[25],"presented":[26],"in":[27,59,70,89,100],"previous":[28],"research":[29],"is":[30,42,81,85],"further":[31],"developed":[32],"by":[33],"introducing":[34],"a":[35,77],"charge":[36],"sustaining":[37],"strategy.":[38],"The":[39],"main":[40],"idea":[41],"to":[43],"consider":[44],"load-dependent":[46],"efficiency":[47,61,72,92],"cyclist":[50,58,66],"let":[52],"electric":[54],"motor":[55],"assist":[56],"low":[60],"regions":[62],"while":[63],"letting":[64],"recharge":[67],"battery":[69],"high":[71],"regions.":[73],"To":[74],"end":[76],"State-of-Charge":[78],"(SoC)":[79],"controller":[80],"designed.":[82],"Its":[83],"tuning":[84],"analyzed":[86],"compared":[88],"terms":[90],"feeling":[94],"against":[95],"acausal":[97],"strategy":[98],"available":[99],"literature.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}