{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118114303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6579918","title":"State of charge estimation of cells in series connection by using only the total voltage measurement","display_name":"State of charge estimation of cells in series connection by using only the total voltage measurement","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118114303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6579918","mag":"2118114303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2013.6579918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6579918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043049104","display_name":"Xinfan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinfan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","[Department of Mech. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mech. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089318617","display_name":"Anna G. Stefanopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna G. Stefanopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","[Department of Mech. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mech. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695320","display_name":"Yonghua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6664-8231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle and Battery Controls Department, Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA","Vehicle & Battery Controls Dept., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle and Battery Controls Department, Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle & Battery Controls Dept., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113711346","display_name":"Richard Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-4372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Dyche Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vehicle and Battery Controls Department, Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA","Vehicle & Battery Controls Dept., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle and Battery Controls Department, Research and Advanced Engineering, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vehicle & Battery Controls Dept., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043049104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91934743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"704","last_page":"709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.7358428239822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6947819590568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6918530464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5446592569351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5321775078773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcharge","display_name":"Overcharge","score":0.5296874642372131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5001041889190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.46199917793273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4531283378601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.4499170482158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-voltage","display_name":"Cell voltage","score":0.43680620193481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.4182053804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37215733528137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30780935287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2266826331615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1807994246482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.17626997828483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.07656094431877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07020404934883118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.7358428239822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6947819590568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6918530464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5446592569351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5321775078773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775967586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113592","display_name":"Overcharge","level":4,"score":0.5296874642372131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5001041889190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.46199917793273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4531283378601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.4499170482158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985463592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25250","display_name":"Cell voltage","level":4,"score":0.43680620193481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4182053804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37215733528137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30780935287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2266826331615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1807994246482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.17626997828483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07656094431877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07020404934883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2013.6579918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6579918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321672","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcxha54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223178967","https://openalex.org/W622819552","https://openalex.org/W1530275690","https://openalex.org/W1977386666","https://openalex.org/W1996489621","https://openalex.org/W2013712272","https://openalex.org/W2048898091","https://openalex.org/W2055076027","https://openalex.org/W2074242433","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2089280577","https://openalex.org/W2096627462","https://openalex.org/W2098816895","https://openalex.org/W2105233073","https://openalex.org/W2140123645","https://openalex.org/W2140998418","https://openalex.org/W2147428031","https://openalex.org/W2158662819","https://openalex.org/W2160817561","https://openalex.org/W2169518199","https://openalex.org/W2256578114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362071329","https://openalex.org/W2072503383","https://openalex.org/W2790199556","https://openalex.org/W2509810779","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2978389667","https://openalex.org/W2973471646","https://openalex.org/W1875107897","https://openalex.org/W4317418751","https://openalex.org/W2098015238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,130],"voltage":[1,24,41,48,167,182],"of":[2,18,20,25,49,60,63,108,118,125,164],"lithium":[3],"ion":[4],"batteries":[5],"is":[6,55,111,132],"usually":[7],"monitored":[8],"to":[9,34,134],"prevent":[10],"overcharge":[11],"and":[12,32,155,166],"overdischarge.":[13],"For":[14],"battery":[15,36,90,127,141,186],"packs":[16],"consisting":[17],"hundreds":[19],"cells,":[21,145],"monitoring":[22],"the":[23,35,46,58,81,88,106,114,119,123,126,147,181],"every":[26],"single":[27],"cell":[28,82,149],"adds":[29],"significant":[30],"cost":[31],"complexity":[33],"management":[37],"system":[38],"(BMS).":[39],"Reducing":[40],"sensing":[42,183],"by":[43,75],"only":[44],"measuring":[45],"total":[47],"multiple":[50,102],"cells":[51,65],"in":[52,87,153,184],"series":[53],"connection":[54],"desirable":[56],"if":[57],"state":[59],"charge":[61],"(SOC)":[62],"individual":[64,148],"can":[66,174],"be":[67,73,175],"correctly":[68],"estimated.":[69],"Such":[70],"goal":[71],"cannot":[72],"achieved":[74],"an":[76,96],"extended":[77],"Kalman":[78],"filter,":[79],"because":[80],"SOCs":[83,150],"are":[84,151],"not":[85],"observable":[86,152],"linearized":[89],"string":[91,142],"model.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94,171],"paper,":[95],"observer":[97,131],"based":[98],"on":[99,122],"solving":[100],"simultaneously":[101],"nonlinear":[103],"equations":[104],"along":[105],"trajectory":[107],"SOC":[109,157,165],"evolution":[110],"used":[112],"for":[113],"estimation":[115],"problem.":[116],"Existence":[117],"solution":[120],"depends":[121],"nonlinearity":[124],"voltage-SOC":[128],"relationship.":[129],"applied":[133,176],"a":[135,185],"LiFePO":[136],"<sub":[137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">4</sub>":[139],"/graphite":[140],"with":[143],"2":[144],"where":[146],"low":[154],"high":[156],"ranges.":[158],"Experimental":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"good":[162],"convergence":[163],"estimation,":[168],"indicating":[169],"that":[170],"new":[172],"methodology":[173],"to,":[177],"at":[178],"least,":[179],"halve":[180],"pack.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
