{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123659887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6315685","title":"Improving Markov Chain models for road profiles simulation via definition of states","display_name":"Improving Markov Chain models for road profiles simulation via definition of states","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123659887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6315685","mag":"2123659887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2012.6315685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6315685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111998491","display_name":"Patrick Chin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. A. Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Mechanical Engineering Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 131 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 131 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021100760","display_name":"John B. Ferris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-8214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. B. Ferris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Vehicle Terrain Performance Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Mechanical Engineering Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Director, Vehicle Terrain Performance Laboratory, 143 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Vehicle Terrain Performance Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Director, Vehicle Terrain Performance Laboratory, 143 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110467020","display_name":"Alexander A. Reid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304082316","display_name":"United States Department of the Army","ror":"https://ror.org/035w1gb98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["RDTA-RS-CA-HMS, U.S. Army RDECOMTARDEC, Warren, MI, USA","U.S. Army RDECOM-TARDEC, RDTA-RS-CA-HMS #157, 6501 E. 11 Mile Road, Warren, MI 48397-5000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RDTA-RS-CA-HMS, U.S. Army RDECOMTARDEC, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army RDECOM-TARDEC, RDTA-RS-CA-HMS #157, 6501 E. 11 Mile Road, Warren, MI 48397-5000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111998491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76292541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2102","last_page":"2107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12759","display_name":"Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.7965426445007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6728441119194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-matrix","display_name":"Stochastic matrix","score":0.652564525604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5805041790008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5315878987312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chassis","display_name":"Chassis","score":0.4463917315006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43969517946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4332617223262787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4264037013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4113868176937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34803420305252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22150704264640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1754758656024933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16288253664970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14691421389579773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.7965426445007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6728441119194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49555168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176583","display_name":"Stochastic matrix","level":3,"score":0.652564525604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5805041790008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5315878987312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512993513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068107","display_name":"Chassis","level":2,"score":0.4463917315006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43969517946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4332617223262787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4264037013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4113868176937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34803420305252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22150704264640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1754758656024933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16288253664970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14691421389579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2012.6315685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6315685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 American Control Conference (ACC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988653082","https://openalex.org/W2000855865","https://openalex.org/W2038862980","https://openalex.org/W2043488360","https://openalex.org/W2056859449","https://openalex.org/W2077716452","https://openalex.org/W2078772421","https://openalex.org/W2086399587","https://openalex.org/W2117293377","https://openalex.org/W2124685489","https://openalex.org/W2134841210","https://openalex.org/W2408421706","https://openalex.org/W4229725180","https://openalex.org/W4244545666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2734729804","https://openalex.org/W2015136492","https://openalex.org/W1968612088","https://openalex.org/W2186430569","https://openalex.org/W2364963676","https://openalex.org/W3041997070","https://openalex.org/W2735388074","https://openalex.org/W2734551807","https://openalex.org/W1520319263","https://openalex.org/W3123502079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"profiles":[1,55,166],"are":[2,117],"a":[3,57,112,127,170,192],"major":[4],"excitation":[5],"to":[6,20,69,77,89,99,105,138],"the":[7,10,41,71,93,140,144,149,157,162,185,196,199,203,210],"chassis":[8],"and":[9,24,50,79,164,190],"resulting":[11],"loads":[12],"drive":[13],"vehicle":[14],"designs.":[15],"The":[16,154],"physical":[17],"resources":[18],"needed":[19],"measure,":[21],"record,":[22],"analyze,":[23],"characterize":[25,78],"an":[26,103],"entire":[27],"set":[28],"of":[29,56,95,156,161,172,198,202,213],"real,":[30],"spectrally":[31],"broad":[32],"roads":[33,49],"is":[34,97,136,167,179,207],"often":[35],"infeasible":[36],"for":[37,43,47,51],"simulation.":[38],"This":[39,84,177,206],"motivates":[40],"need":[42],"more":[44,128],"accurate":[45],"models":[46,64],"characterizing":[48],"generating":[52],"synthetic":[53,165,214],"road":[54,82],"specific":[58],"type.":[59],"First":[60],"order":[61,155],"Markov":[62,158],"Chain":[63,159],"using":[65,119,169],"uniform":[66],"sized":[67],"bins":[68,123],"define":[70],"states":[72,96,116],"have":[73],"been":[74],"previously":[75],"proposed":[76],"synthetically":[80],"generate":[81],"profiles.":[83,215],"method,":[85],"however,":[86],"was":[87],"found":[88],"be":[90],"unreliable":[91],"when":[92],"number":[94],"increased":[98],"improve":[100],"resolution.":[101],"In":[102],"effort":[104],"solve":[106],"this":[107,109],"problem,":[108],"work":[110],"develops":[111],"method":[113,178],"by":[114],"which":[115,124,143],"defined":[118],"nonuniform":[120],"sized,":[121],"percentile-based":[122],"results":[125],"in":[126,195,209],"fully":[129],"populated":[130],"transition":[131,146,200],"matrix.":[132],"A":[133],"statistical":[134],"test":[135],"developed":[137],"quantify":[139],"confidence":[141],"with":[142],"estimated":[145],"matrix":[147],"represents":[148],"true":[150],"underlying":[151],"stochastic":[152,204],"process.":[153,205],"representation":[160],"original":[163],"checked":[168],"series":[171],"preexisting":[173],"likelihood":[174],"ratio":[175],"criteria.":[176],"demonstrated":[180],"on":[181],"data":[182],"obtained":[183],"at":[184],"Virginia":[186],"Tech":[187],"VTTI":[188],"location":[189],"shows":[191],"considerable":[193],"improvement":[194],"estimation":[197],"properties":[201],"evidenced":[208],"subsequent":[211],"generation":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}