{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095864419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4587205","title":"Multimodal operator decision models","display_name":"Multimodal operator decision models","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095864419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4587205","mag":"2095864419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2008.4587205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4587205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664008","display_name":"Nisar Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7555-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nisar Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087789612","display_name":"Mark Campbell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100664008"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0427,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87478163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4504","last_page":"4509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.9791277050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6592592597007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6215487718582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.581369936466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5716953873634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5292890667915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5011637210845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.482160747051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.46820810437202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-variable-theory","display_name":"Hidden variable theory","score":0.44289037585258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.43967029452323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.4371797442436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.42965370416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.4124058187007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.39702141284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35116398334503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2044605314731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1901688575744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14717188477516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.9791277050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6592592597007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6215487718582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.581369936466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5716953873634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5292890667915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5011637210845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.482160747051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.46820810437202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137002209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898521","display_name":"Hidden variable theory","level":3,"score":0.44289037585258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.43967029452323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.4371797442436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.42965370416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.4124058187007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.39702141284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35116398334503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2044605314731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1901688575744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14717188477516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/acc.2008.4587205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4587205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 American Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1615201606","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1755360231","https://openalex.org/W1980756451","https://openalex.org/W2034647518","https://openalex.org/W2038545254","https://openalex.org/W2062122868","https://openalex.org/W2076700146","https://openalex.org/W2080828514","https://openalex.org/W2089069959","https://openalex.org/W2110575115","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2129476886","https://openalex.org/W2149151344","https://openalex.org/W2312288594","https://openalex.org/W2490800645","https://openalex.org/W4299670631","https://openalex.org/W6636331408","https://openalex.org/W6645514622","https://openalex.org/W6666091668","https://openalex.org/W6676404962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2980176872","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W2249953602","https://openalex.org/W2801655600","https://openalex.org/W2545906690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"the":[3,25,60],"multimodal":[4,12,29],"softmax":[5,49,51],"(MMS)":[6],"model,":[7],"a":[8],"probability":[9],"distribution":[10,53],"for":[11,31],"discrete":[13],"random":[14,19],"variables":[15],"with":[16],"continuous":[17],"conditioning":[18],"variables.":[20],"MMS":[21,43,55],"is":[22,45,57],"motivated":[23],"by":[24],"problem":[26],"of":[27,39,62],"learning":[28],"probabilities":[30],"categorical":[32],"human":[33],"decisions":[34],"in":[35,59],"Bayes":[36],"Net":[37],"models":[38],"semi-autonomous":[40],"systems.":[41],"The":[42],"model":[44],"then":[46],"derived":[47],"vis-a-vis":[48],"and":[50],"mixture":[52],"models.":[54],"training":[56],"discussed":[58],"context":[61],"maximum":[63],"likelihood":[64],"estimation.":[65],"Finally,":[66],"decision":[67],"classification":[68],"results":[69],"using":[70],"experimental":[71],"data":[72],"from":[73],"Cornell's":[74],"RoboFlag":[75],"human-robotic":[76],"interaction":[77],"testbed":[78],"are":[79],"presented.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
