{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406895398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849316","title":"A 1.92nJ/Conv Pulse-Width Locked-Loop Time Domain Readout IC with VCO-Integrator and Pipeline TDC for Wheatstone Bridge Wearable Strain Sensing System","display_name":"A 1.92nJ/Conv Pulse-Width Locked-Loop Time Domain Readout IC with VCO-Integrator and Pipeline TDC for Wheatstone Bridge Wearable Strain Sensing System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406895398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043935636","display_name":"Siyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-0588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113274473","display_name":"Longhuang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longhuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100871849","display_name":"Yiyang Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040441311","display_name":"Huiru Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-8499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiru Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101523386","display_name":"Huaiyu Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaiyu Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630087","display_name":"Huan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-0771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043935636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65998198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheatstone-bridge","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","score":0.9193831086158752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.6716203093528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.6706851720809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.48691093921661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/half-bridge","display_name":"Half bridge","score":0.46576738357543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.43594539165496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4156540036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3807315230369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3654025197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3435041010379791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3093225657939911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.25086814165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.18556421995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17690712213516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.16435322165489197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104713690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245133","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","level":4,"score":0.9193831086158752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.6716203093528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6706851720809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.48691093921661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019968007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5641793","display_name":"Half bridge","level":4,"score":0.46576738357543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.43594539165496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4156540036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3807315230369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3654025197029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3435041010379791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3093225657939911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.25086814165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18556421995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17690712213516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.16435322165489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898949140","https://openalex.org/W4246528569","https://openalex.org/W2076044579","https://openalex.org/W40195615","https://openalex.org/W2167159401","https://openalex.org/W2323653612","https://openalex.org/W2027103960","https://openalex.org/W2364817041","https://openalex.org/W2095731742","https://openalex.org/W2028414530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,199],"Wheatstone":[1],"bridge":[2],"(WhB)":[3],"is":[4,111],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"as":[7,120,194],"resistive":[8],"sensor":[9],"interfaces,":[10],"commonly":[11],"applied":[12],"in":[13,28,98,196],"pressure":[14],"[1],":[15],"temperature":[16],"[2],":[17],"strain":[18],"[3]":[19],"sensing":[20],"systems.":[21],"Conventional":[22],"voltage":[23],"domain":[24,56],"WhB":[25],"(VDWhB)":[26],"shown":[27],"Fig.1(a)":[29],"requires":[30],"high":[31],"performance":[32],"OTA":[33],"and":[34,41,51,88,187,211],"large":[35,133],"input":[36],"RCs":[37],"to":[38,65,125,128],"reduce":[39],"power":[40,156],"readout":[42,104,130,175,201],"error":[43],"at":[44],"the":[45,78,85,96,116,121,150],"cost":[46],"of":[47,81,115],"significant":[48,72],"area":[49],"penalty":[50],"design":[52],"complexity.":[53],"Recently,":[54],"time":[55],"bridge-to-digital":[57],"converter":[58,153],"(BDC)":[59],"using":[60],"a":[61,99,173,178,188,204],"voltage-controlled":[62],"oscillator":[63],"(VCO)":[64],"convert":[66],"resistance":[67],"into":[68],"frequency":[69],"has":[70,124],"gained":[71],"attention":[73],"[4]":[74],"[Fig.":[75,107],"1(b)].":[76],"However,":[77],"open-loop":[79],"structure":[80,206],"VCO-based":[82,179],"systems":[83,163],"limits":[84],"gain":[86],"accuracy":[87],"linearity,":[89],"which":[90,141],"can":[91],"be":[92,126,143],"improved":[93],"by":[94],"embedding":[95],"VCO":[97,110],"frequency-locked":[100],"loop":[101,185],"(FLL)":[102],"based":[103],"[3,":[105],"5]":[106],"1(c)].":[108],"Nevertheless,":[109],"power-hungry":[112],"(about":[113],"50%":[114],"entire":[117],"system":[118],"[3])":[119],"accumulated":[122],"jitter":[123],"suppressed":[127],"improve":[129],"accuracy.":[131],"Additionally,":[132],"off-chip":[134],"capacitors":[135],"($\\gt10":[136],"\\mathrm{nF}$)":[137],"are":[138],"still":[139],"required":[140],"cannot":[142],"readily":[144],"integrated":[145],"on-chip":[146],"[3],":[147],"[5].":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"oversampling":[151],"time-to-digital":[152],"(OSTDC)":[154],"adds":[155],"overhead":[157],"while":[158],"preventing":[159],"its":[160],"application":[161],"from":[162],"with":[164,207],"aggressive":[165],"duty-cycling.":[166],"To":[167],"address":[168],"these":[169],"issues,":[170],"we":[171],"propose":[172],"time-domain":[174],"circuit":[176,202],"utilizing":[177],"integrator":[180],"(VCO-INT)":[181],"enabled":[182],"pulse-width":[183],"locked":[184],"(PWLL)":[186],"Nyquist-rate":[189],"multi-stage":[190],"10-bit":[191],"pipeline":[192],"TDC,":[193],"illustrated":[195],"Fig.":[197],"1(d)":[198],"overall":[200],"features":[203],"digitally-intensive":[205],"excellent":[208],"energy":[209],"efficiency":[210],"flexibility.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
