{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406894893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849242","title":"A 174nW Event-Driven Keyword Spotting ASIC with DC-Drift-Resilient Dual-Mode Delta/SAR Quantizer and Multiplier-Less Processor","display_name":"A 174nW Event-Driven Keyword Spotting ASIC with DC-Drift-Resilient Dual-Mode Delta/SAR Quantizer and Multiplier-Less Processor","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406894893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849242","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012727563","display_name":"Ning Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7878-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010862359","display_name":"Nan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002535583","display_name":"Kaiji Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiji Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100804232","display_name":"Yihuai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihuai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432251","display_name":"Siqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051626310","display_name":"Sining Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-3367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sining Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091186752","display_name":"Yanshu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5800-8799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanshu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081049185","display_name":"Zhihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1732-6245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063888012","display_name":"Hanjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012727563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24762236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.7147256731987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.637352705001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5933865308761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-mode","display_name":"Dual mode","score":0.5531741380691528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4644790589809418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.46292614936828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40642017126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3531501889228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3132878541946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1455552875995636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.7147256731987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.637352705001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5933865308761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019325349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3874753","display_name":"Dual mode","level":2,"score":0.5531741380691528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4644790589809418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.46292614936828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40642017126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3531501889228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3132878541946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1455552875995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc60305.2024.10849242","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997030307","https://openalex.org/W3016076969","https://openalex.org/W3133679594","https://openalex.org/W4391407009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165367082","https://openalex.org/W1972641423","https://openalex.org/W611446063","https://openalex.org/W2392631856","https://openalex.org/W2355651228","https://openalex.org/W2330491326","https://openalex.org/W2768219827","https://openalex.org/W1992581387","https://openalex.org/W4254025658","https://openalex.org/W4406575379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"significant":[1],"progress":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"achieved":[5],"in":[6],"low-power":[7],"keyword":[8,115],"spotting":[9],"(KWS)":[10],"ASICs,":[11],"which":[12],"can":[13],"serve":[14],"as":[15,114],"always-on":[16],"wake-up":[17],"function":[18],"blocks":[19],"for":[20],"computationally":[21],"intensive":[22],"speech":[23],"processing":[24],"tasks.":[25],"A":[26],"3-class":[27],"CNN":[28],"based":[29],"KWS":[30,70,83,99],"classifier":[31],"consumed":[32],"510":[33],"nW":[34],"power":[35,45,54,76,89,104],"without":[36],"including":[37],"on-chip":[38],"ADCs":[39],"[1].":[40],"In":[41],"[2],":[42],"an":[43],"ultra-low":[44],"event-driven":[46],"level-crossing":[47],"(LC)":[48],"ADC":[49],"was":[50],"employed,":[51],"reducing":[52],"standby":[53],"to":[55,62],"148":[56],"nW.":[57],"However,":[58],"LC-ADC":[59],"is":[60],"vulnerable":[61],"DC":[63],"drift.":[64],"Other":[65],"works":[66],"include":[67],"a":[68,79],"12-class":[69],"chip":[71,84],"consuming":[72,85],"$23":[73],"\\mu":[74],"\\mathrm{~W}$":[75],"[3],":[77],"and":[78,119],"skip":[80],"RNN-based":[81],"7-class":[82],"1.5":[86],"$\\mu":[87],"\\mathrm{W}$":[88],"[4].":[90],"Despite":[91],"these":[92],"technological":[93],"advancements,":[94],"researchers":[95],"are":[96],"still":[97],"seeking":[98],"solutions":[100],"with":[101],"even":[102],"lower":[103],"consumption,":[105],"while":[106],"not":[107],"compromising":[108],"on":[109],"other":[110],"key":[111],"specifications":[112],"such":[113],"variety,":[116],"classification":[117],"accuracy":[118],"latency.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}