{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389888522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347975","title":"A $\\mathbf{160}\\times \\mathbf{120}$ Indirect Time-of-Flight Sensor with Pixel-Level Adaptive $\\Delta\\Sigma$-Operations for Background Light Cancellation","display_name":"A $\\mathbf{160}\\times \\mathbf{120}$ Indirect Time-of-Flight Sensor with Pixel-Level Adaptive $\\Delta\\Sigma$-Operations for Background Light Cancellation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389888522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086666029","display_name":"Yongjae Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015928996","display_name":"Jubin Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-3097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jubin Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002052875","display_name":"Dahwan Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-0890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahwan Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK hynix Inc.,Icheon,Korea","SK hynix Inc., Icheon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK hynix Inc.,Icheon,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK hynix Inc., Icheon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038128247","display_name":"Insang Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-1358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insang Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077733516","display_name":"Jung-Hye Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-3227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Hye Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321810","display_name":"Seong\u2010Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086666029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78669875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5678858160972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.5534685254096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5487911105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5151354074478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.47056007385253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4551811218261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma","display_name":"Sigma","score":0.4274606704711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41436532139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39636385440826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38538485765457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3469681739807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24349769949913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.23467102646827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22913643717765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16748791933059692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5678858160972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.5534685254096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5487911105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5151354074478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.47056007385253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4551811218261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.4274606704711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41436532139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39636385440826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38538485765457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3469681739807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24349769949913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.23467102646827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22913643717765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16748791933059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883871536","https://openalex.org/W2966262693","https://openalex.org/W3085380924","https://openalex.org/W4286571744","https://openalex.org/W4318827279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023858428","https://openalex.org/W4247324130","https://openalex.org/W2538259895","https://openalex.org/W2126963364","https://openalex.org/W4400804331","https://openalex.org/W2218509615","https://openalex.org/W2051287254","https://openalex.org/W2370937376","https://openalex.org/W580081827","https://openalex.org/W4233608695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"indirect":[1],"time-of-flight":[2],"(iToF)":[3],"sensor":[4,183],"has":[5,82,103,137,158,200],"been":[6,104,138,201],"spotlighted":[7],"for":[8,23,106],"its":[9],"high-quality":[10],"depth":[11,61,188],"images":[12],"within":[13],"a":[14,20,55,142],"few":[15],"meter":[16],"ranges,":[17],"making":[18],"it":[19,80,114],"strong":[21],"candidate":[22],"realizing":[24],"metaverse":[25],"applications":[26],"in":[27,37,204],"mobile":[28],"devices":[29],"[1].":[30],"However,":[31,154],"one":[32],"of":[33,85,117,145,173,181,187],"the":[34,93,155,170,185],"unresolved":[35],"challenges":[36],"iToF":[38,182],"sensors":[39],"is":[40,184],"low":[41],"background":[42],"light":[43],"(BGL)":[44],"resilience,":[45],"which":[46],"can":[47,208],"saturate":[48],"floating":[49],"diffusion":[50],"(FD)":[51],"nodes":[52],"and":[53,63,69,149,161,190],"deteriorate":[54],"demodulation":[56],"contrast":[57],"(DC),":[58],"causing":[59],"large":[60,83,121],"distortion":[62],"noise.":[64],"Even":[65],"though":[66],"in-pixel":[67,99],"auto-zeroing":[68],"chopping":[70],"techniques":[71],"have":[72],"achieved":[73],"BGL":[74,94,108,134,212],"robustness":[75],"up":[76,109],"to":[77,89,110,140,169,213],"200":[78],"klx,":[79,112],"still":[81,162,209],"noise":[84,90,122,167],"over":[86],"3%":[87],"due":[88,168],"contribution":[91],"from":[92,164],"cancellation":[95],"technique":[96,136],"[2].":[97],"The":[98,129],"voltage":[100,144,199],"subtraction":[101],"scheme":[102],"reported":[105],"compensating":[107],"180":[111],"but":[113],"requires":[115],"tons":[116],"switching":[118],"operations,":[119],"generating":[120],"as":[123,125],"well":[124],"charge":[126],"injections":[127],"[3].":[128],"column-parallel":[130,156],"<tex":[131,174],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[132,175],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\Delta\\Sigma$</tex>":[133,176],"canceling":[135],"introduced":[139],"subtract":[141],"common-mode":[143,198],"each":[146],"FD":[147,194,206],"node":[148],"accumulate":[150],"differential":[151],"signals":[152],"[4].":[153],"architecture":[157],"limited":[159],"scalability":[160],"suffers":[163],"additional":[165],"reset":[166],"dedicated":[171],"number":[172],"-operations.":[177],"Another":[178],"big":[179],"challenge":[180],"degradation":[186],"non-linearity":[189],"precision":[191],"caused":[192],"by":[193],"mismatches":[195,207],"[5].":[196],"Although":[197],"successfully":[202],"compensated":[203],"[4],":[205],"convert":[210],"residual":[211],"phase":[214],"information.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
