{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389888434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347969","title":"A 5.2GHz Trifilar Transformer-Based Class-F23 Noise Circulating VCO with FoM of 192.6 dBc/Hz","display_name":"A 5.2GHz Trifilar Transformer-Based Class-F23 Noise Circulating VCO with FoM of 192.6 dBc/Hz","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389888434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001367905","display_name":"Hanzhang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084629190","display_name":"Tongde Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-2800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongde Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393806","display_name":"Xiaolong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6818-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,China","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062142262","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-1547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019523166","display_name":"Jin Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000735239","display_name":"Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-0589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.825830340385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7592765092849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker-noise","display_name":"Flicker noise","score":0.5533426403999329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5420508980751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillator-phase-noise","display_name":"Oscillator phase noise","score":0.5298226475715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.5171256065368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.516715943813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4683358669281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4102875590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3978790044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.33031678199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.32212042808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.31435346603393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.28730010986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28267979621887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2759692668914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.1695234477519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.825830340385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7592765092849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113873419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1410810","display_name":"Flicker noise","level":5,"score":0.5533426403999329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5420508980751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26571440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106415","display_name":"Oscillator phase noise","level":5,"score":0.5298226475715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.5171256065368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.516715943813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4683358669281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4102875590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3978790044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33031678199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.32212042808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.31435346603393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.28730010986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28267979621887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2759692668914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.1695234477519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/a-sscc58667.2023.10347969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2521349449","https://openalex.org/W2592613224","https://openalex.org/W2911541304","https://openalex.org/W4214936138","https://openalex.org/W4293518043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W2134439706","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W4236967454","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2112742062","https://openalex.org/W2017334866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,30,51,61,66,69,75,80,93,100,104,116,120,127,130,135,139,147,150,155,169,174,181,184,187,193,203,207,210,215,241,250,258,267,272,279,285,288,302,309,312,318,337,343,351,358,362,368,371,375,380],"development":[2],"of":[3,23,68,99,129,183,198,209,271,342,361,370],"wireless":[4],"communication,":[5],"high-speed":[6],"data":[7],"transmissions":[8],"require":[9],"a":[10,17,91,222,254,263,295],"pure":[11],"local":[12],"oscillation":[13,62],"signal":[14],"produced":[15,316],"by":[16,39,126,176,317,367],"voltage-controlled":[18],"oscillator":[19,175,363],"(VCO).":[20],"A":[21],"variety":[22],"circuit":[24],"technologies":[25],"is":[26,124,336,350,364],"developed":[27],"for":[28],"improving":[29],"LC-VCO's":[31],"phase":[32,88,113,117,151,280,359,381],"noise.":[33,89,114,281,382],"The":[34,227,282],"harmonic":[35,76,121],"shaping":[36,77,122],"technology":[37,78,159,251],"represented":[38],"class-F":[40],"<inf":[41],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[42,111,320,333,348],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">23</inf>":[43],"VCO":[44],"in":[45,55,119,161,262],"Fig.":[46,162],"1":[47,163],"(top":[48,164],"left)":[49],"utilizes":[50],"transformer-based":[52],"multi-order":[53],"load":[54],"differential":[56],"mode":[57],"(DM)":[58],"to":[59,83,87,108,220,240,277,294,301,379],"shape":[60],"waveform":[63,82],"[1].":[64],"From":[65],"perspective":[67],"impulse":[70],"sensitivity":[71],"function":[72],"(ISF)":[73],"[2],":[74],"reshapes":[79],"ISF":[81,102],"inhibit":[84],"noise":[85,106,118,131,144,152,156,170,188,211,216,237,247,315,344,360,372,376],"conversion":[86,378],"As":[90],"result,":[92],"low":[94],"root-mean":[95],"square":[96],"(RMS)":[97],"value":[98],"effective":[101,314],"decreases":[103],"flicker":[105,246],"up-conversion":[107],"1/f":[109],"<sup":[110],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>":[112],"However,":[115,214],"oscillators":[123,218],"limited":[125],"magnitude":[128,208,369],"sources":[132,373],"injected":[133,172],"into":[134,146,173,192],"oscillator.":[136],"Specifically,":[137],"during":[138],"switching":[140],"transition,":[141],"much":[142],"more":[143],"flows":[145,191],"tank,":[148,243],"deteriorating":[149],"performance.":[153],"Yet,":[154],"circulating":[157,217],"(NC)":[158],"shown":[160],"middle)":[165],"can":[166,324],"effectively":[167],"lower":[168],"source":[171,177,212,231],"degeneration":[178],"[3]\u2013[4].":[179],"During":[180],"zero-crossing":[182],"tank":[185,195],"voltage,":[186,292],"current":[189],"partially":[190],"resonant":[194,242],"while":[196],"most":[197],"them":[199],"still":[200],"circulates":[201],"within":[202],"transistors,":[204],"thus":[205],"reducing":[206],"effectively.":[213],"fail":[219],"guarantee":[221],"resistively":[223],"loaded":[224],"CM":[225],"path.":[226],"parasitic":[228,305],"capacitance":[229,306],"at":[230],"nodes":[232],"introduces":[233],"an":[234],"extra":[235],"capacitive":[236],"flow":[238],"path":[239],"which":[244],"causes":[245],"up-conversion.":[248],"Besides,":[249],"usually":[252],"adopts":[253],"cross-coupled":[255],"pair":[256],"as":[257,327],"active":[259],"core,":[260],"bringing":[261],"unit":[264],"gain":[265],"between":[266],"gate":[268,286,304],"and":[269,274,284,346,374],"drain":[270,283],"transistor":[273],"contributing":[275],"little":[276],"reduce":[278],"share":[287],"same":[289],"DC":[290],"bias":[291],"leading":[293],"severe":[296],"frequency":[297],"pushing":[298],"effect":[299],"due":[300],"voltage-dependent":[303],"[5].":[307],"For":[308],"LC":[310],"oscillator,":[311],"total":[313],"<tex":[319,332,347],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$i$</tex>":[321],"th":[322],"devices":[323],"be":[325],"expressed":[326],"\\begin{equation*}\\sum\\limits_{i}N_{L,":[328],"i}=\\frac{1}{2N^{2}\\pi}\\sum\\limits_{i}\\int\\nolimits_{0}^{2\\pi}\\Gamma_{i}^{2}(\\theta)\\overline{i_{n,":[329],"i}^{2}(\\theta)}d\\theta\\tag{1}\\end{equation*}":[330],"where":[331],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$i_{n,":[334],"i}^{2}(\\theta)$</tex>":[335],"power":[338],"spectral":[339],"density":[340],"(PSD)":[341],"source,":[345],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\Gamma_{i}(\\theta)$</tex>":[349],"corresponding":[352],"ISF.":[353],"Equation":[354],"(1)":[355],"indicates":[356],"that":[357],"mainly":[365],"determined":[366],"sources'":[377]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
