{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117890012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6gnet68413.2025.11314078","title":"Performance Analysis of Fluid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Over Covert Communications","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Fluid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Over Covert Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117890012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6gnet68413.2025.11314078"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/6gnet68413.2025.11314078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6gnet68413.2025.11314078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 4th International Conference on 6G Networking (6GNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046756811","display_name":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050443046","display_name":"Masoud Kaveh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-8054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Kaveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014455956","display_name":"Hanjiang Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-6177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjiang Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120994480","display_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059959008","display_name":"Riku J\u00e4ntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-2381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riku Jantti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University,Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121718508","display_name":"F. Javier Lopez-Martinez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Javier Lopez-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada,Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications,Granada,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"82","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.8476999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6758000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.5771999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4131999909877777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.8476999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6758000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6425999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.5771999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5378000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983568541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Information transmission","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96597354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273062","display_name":"Stern","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201729545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability theory","level":3,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/6gnet68413.2025.11314078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6gnet68413.2025.11314078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 4th International Conference on 6G Networking (6GNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722980098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101107993","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842576049","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems for 6G Wireless Communications: Implementation, System Optimisation and Theoretical Analysis","funder_award_id":"EP/W026813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031211320","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2562742260","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W3039758053","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3212941029","https://openalex.org/W4221160263","https://openalex.org/W4399039738","https://openalex.org/W4404410614","https://openalex.org/W4412375151","https://openalex.org/W4413630521","https://openalex.org/W4414165981","https://openalex.org/W4414646845"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,6,58,73,79,85,93,141],"impact":[4],"of":[5,10],"recently":[7],"proposed":[8],"concept":[9],"fluid":[11],"reconfigurable":[12],"intelligent":[13],"surfaces":[14],"(FRIS)":[15],"on":[16],"covert":[17],"communications.":[18],"Specifically,":[19],"we":[20,56],"consider":[21],"a":[22,26,39,69,106],"communication":[23],"scenario":[24],"where":[25],"legitimate":[27],"transmitter":[28],"aims":[29],"to":[30,34,46,137],"covertly":[31],"deliver":[32],"information":[33],"its":[35],"intended":[36],"receiver":[37],"through":[38],"planar":[40],"FRIS,":[41],"while":[42,122],"an":[43],"adversary":[44],"attempts":[45],"detect":[47],"whether":[48],"any":[49],"transmission":[50],"is":[51,82],"occurring.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"context,":[55],"analyze":[57],"false":[59],"alarm":[60],"(FA)":[61],"and":[62,67,97,119],"missed":[63],"detection":[64,87],"(MD)":[65],"probabilities,":[66],"derive":[68],"closed-form":[70],"expression":[71],"for":[72],"covertness":[74,96],"outage":[75],"probability":[76,81,135],"(COP).":[77],"Furthermore,":[78],"success":[80,134],"characterized":[83],"under":[84],"optimal":[86],"threshold,":[88],"providing":[89],"new":[90],"insights":[91],"into":[92],"trade-off":[94],"between":[95],"reliable":[98],"transmission.":[99],"Numerical":[100],"results":[101],"reveal":[102],"that":[103],"FRIS":[104],"provides":[105],"clear":[107],"advantage":[108],"over":[109],"fixed-position":[110,128],"RIS":[111,129],"at":[112,123],"low-to-moderate":[113],"transmit":[114],"powers":[115],"by":[116],"improving":[117],"reliability":[118],"enhancing":[120],"covertness,":[121],"very":[124],"high":[125],"power":[126],"levels,":[127],"may":[130],"sustain":[131],"slightly":[132],"higher":[133],"due":[136],"reduced":[138],"leakage":[139],"toward":[140],"adversary.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-01T00:00:00"}
