{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991413705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2019.8911739","title":"Stratification of 5G evolution and Beyond 5G","display_name":"Stratification of 5G evolution and Beyond 5G","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991413705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2019.8911739","mag":"2991413705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/5gwf.2019.8911739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2019.8911739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498478","display_name":"2019 IEEE 2nd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 2nd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001133694","display_name":"Volker Ziegler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-5697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Volker Ziegler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs & CTO Nokia, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs & CTO Nokia, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028596410","display_name":"Thorsten Wild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Wild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Nokia, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Nokia, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027478863","display_name":"Mikko A. Uusitalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-7681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Uusitalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062341776","display_name":"Hannu Flinck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-6682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannu Flinck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078767098","display_name":"Vilho R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vilho Raisanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072524795","display_name":"Kimmo H\u00e4t\u00f6nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimmo Hatonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs Nokia, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001133694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8939224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"329","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6957534551620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6191495060920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5220175385475159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5199543237686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.47586458921432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.4249737858772278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.41159188747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4059566855430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2685486078262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17434090375900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10791224241256714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6957534551620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6191495060920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5220175385475159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5199543237686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.47586458921432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.4249737858772278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.41159188747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4059566855430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2685486078262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17434090375900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10791224241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/5gwf.2019.8911739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5gwf.2019.8911739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498478","display_name":"2019 IEEE 2nd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 2nd 5G World Forum (5GWF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592882403","https://openalex.org/W2606106394","https://openalex.org/W2739727271","https://openalex.org/W2804438753","https://openalex.org/W2807731816","https://openalex.org/W2884034421","https://openalex.org/W2909113045","https://openalex.org/W2922164811","https://openalex.org/W2963399330","https://openalex.org/W4297668880","https://openalex.org/W6746690461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"next":[1],"decade":[2],"will":[3,48],"bring":[4],"exciting":[5],"transformation":[6],"in":[7],"physical,":[8],"digital":[9],"and":[10,15,36,65,74,102,112,119],"biological":[11],"worlds.":[12],"While":[13],"requirements":[14,64],"use":[16,66],"cases":[17,67],"for":[18],"Beyond":[19],"5G":[20,34,53,63],"(B5G)":[21],"are":[22,126],"not":[23],"fully":[24,56],"clear":[25],"at":[26,31],"this":[27],"time,":[28],"an":[29],"attempt":[30],"stratification":[32],"of":[33,52,62,115,121],"evolution":[35,54],"B5G":[37],"has":[38],"been":[39],"developed.":[40],"Such":[41],"stratification,":[42],"i.e.,":[43],"decomposition":[44],"into":[45],"candidate":[46],"technologies,":[47],"include":[49],"technology":[50,75,124],"scenarios":[51,125],"to":[55,77],"deliver":[57],"on":[58],"the":[59,122],"most":[60],"demanding":[61],"eventually":[68],"as":[69,71,94,106,108],"well":[70,107],"novel":[72],"architectural":[73],"concepts":[76],"be":[78],"broadly":[79],"linked":[80],"with":[81],"6G.":[82],"With":[83],"6G,":[84],"we":[85],"may":[86],"associate":[87],"Terahertz":[88],"(THz)":[89],"spectrum-based":[90],"radio":[91],"access,":[92],"network":[93,114],"a":[95],"sensor,":[96],"alternative":[97],"compute":[98],"architecture,":[99],"edge":[100],"centric":[101],"flow-based":[103],"core":[104],"architecture":[105],"design-time":[109],"driven,":[110],"automated":[111],"secure":[113],"networks.":[116],"Key":[117],"attributes":[118],"characteristics":[120],"associated":[123],"described.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
