{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100171441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.752519","title":"Single-electron memory for giga-to-tera bit storage","display_name":"Single-electron memory for giga-to-tera bit storage","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100171441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.752519","mag":"2100171441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/5.752519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.752519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014593205","display_name":"Kazuo Yano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-1102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Yano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109178929","display_name":"T. Ishii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Ishii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039538688","display_name":"T. Sano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Sano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hitachi Device Engineering Company Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitachi Device Engineering Company Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112228702","display_name":"Toshiyuki Mine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Mine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021734616","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Murai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-6381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Murai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103154608","display_name":"Takashi Hashimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-6720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor & IC Division, Hitachi and Limited, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor & IC Division, Hitachi and Limited, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066541499","display_name":"Takashi Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-8129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108388052","display_name":"T. Kure","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091142406","display_name":"Kazuhiko Seki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-2552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Seki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi and Limited, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014593205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97817947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"4","first_page":"633","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tera","display_name":"Tera-","score":0.8919527530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.569564163684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5076440572738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-cell","display_name":"Memory cell","score":0.4667423367500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44172945618629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.4369131922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4311988949775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-architecture","display_name":"Memory architecture","score":0.42188209295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36483922600746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3580187261104584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3327432870864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2855425477027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.225290447473526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1406453251838684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775904623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108529","display_name":"Tera-","level":2,"score":0.8919527530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.569564163684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5076440572738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776638159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343761","display_name":"Memory cell","level":4,"score":0.4667423367500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44172945618629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.4369131922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4311988949775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15544750","display_name":"Memory architecture","level":2,"score":0.42188209295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36483922600746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3580187261104584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3327432870864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2855425477027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.225290447473526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1406453251838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/5.752519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5.752519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309835","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322638","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132302736","https://openalex.org/W162941741","https://openalex.org/W1484581952","https://openalex.org/W1489921399","https://openalex.org/W1514714756","https://openalex.org/W1550122407","https://openalex.org/W1573282212","https://openalex.org/W1921525399","https://openalex.org/W1969892324","https://openalex.org/W1985079989","https://openalex.org/W1986342779","https://openalex.org/W1990093616","https://openalex.org/W2004208778","https://openalex.org/W2009129243","https://openalex.org/W2030040547","https://openalex.org/W2035374584","https://openalex.org/W2041166788","https://openalex.org/W2049849269","https://openalex.org/W2051433871","https://openalex.org/W2054981558","https://openalex.org/W2059030116","https://openalex.org/W2063702884","https://openalex.org/W2065117001","https://openalex.org/W2072186095","https://openalex.org/W2076981758","https://openalex.org/W2078714867","https://openalex.org/W2089973703","https://openalex.org/W2096221575","https://openalex.org/W2102986313","https://openalex.org/W2105718349","https://openalex.org/W2109933221","https://openalex.org/W2110466634","https://openalex.org/W2121402193","https://openalex.org/W2133162561","https://openalex.org/W2138179340","https://openalex.org/W2159124661","https://openalex.org/W2162649089","https://openalex.org/W2165386404","https://openalex.org/W2167268423","https://openalex.org/W2506356478","https://openalex.org/W2534734415","https://openalex.org/W2536568619","https://openalex.org/W2545535879","https://openalex.org/W2545731198","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302378369","https://openalex.org/W6605344113","https://openalex.org/W6606587928","https://openalex.org/W6629267822","https://openalex.org/W6632759428","https://openalex.org/W6684361227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969950600","https://openalex.org/W1972492614","https://openalex.org/W2142797216","https://openalex.org/W133080611","https://openalex.org/W2543577874","https://openalex.org/W3163143851","https://openalex.org/W4384297012","https://openalex.org/W4364362257","https://openalex.org/W2736277924","https://openalex.org/W3092732979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Starting":[0],"with":[1],"a":[2],"brief":[3],"review":[4],"on":[5],"the":[6,19,36],"single-electron":[7,14],"memory":[8,33,70],"and":[9,61,65],"its":[10,66],"significance":[11],"among":[12,68],"various":[13,69],"devices,":[15],"this":[16],"paper":[17],"addresses":[18],"key":[20],"issues":[21,37],"which":[22],"one":[23,27],"inevitably":[24],"encounters":[25],"when":[26],"tries":[28],"to":[29],"achieve":[30],"giga-to-tera":[31],"bit":[32],"integration.":[34],"Among":[35],"discussed":[38],"are:":[39],"room-temperature":[40],"operation;":[41],"memory-cell":[42],"architecture;":[43,55],"sensing":[44],"scheme;":[45],"cell-design":[46],"guideline;":[47],"use":[48],"of":[49],"nanocrystalline":[50],"silicon":[51],"versus":[52],"lithography;":[53],"array":[54],"device-to-device":[56],"variations;":[57],"read/write":[58],"error":[59],"rate;":[60],"CMOS/single-electron-memory":[62],"hybrid":[63],"integration":[64],"positioning":[67],"architectures.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
