{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980497723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4.287","title":"Analysis of oscillatory metastable operation of an RS flip-flop","display_name":"Analysis of oscillatory metastable operation of an RS flip-flop","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980497723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4.287","mag":"1980497723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/4.287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4.287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108156673","display_name":"T. Kacprzak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34250744","display_name":"University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a","ror":"https://ror.org/05cq64r17","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["PL","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Kacprzak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA","Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621","https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108156673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621","https://openalex.org/I34250744","https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83900444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"260","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"Metastability","score":0.9151071906089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7192674875259399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.696776807308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.5963560342788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flip","display_name":"Flip","score":0.5419481992721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5316399335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.529312789440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4876202642917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flip-flop","display_name":"Flip-flop","score":0.44073721766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.42098334431648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38655537366867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3680507242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3488463759422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2979159951210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2248813807964325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21916905045509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.19904619455337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16735726594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.13292112946510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12357741594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.11124789714813232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.9151071906089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7192674875259399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.696776807308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.5963560342788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776591724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459651","display_name":"Flip","level":3,"score":0.5419481992721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5316399335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.529312789440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4876202642917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781007278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183406","display_name":"Flip-flop","level":3,"score":0.44073721766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.42098334431648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38655537366867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3680507242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3488463759422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2979159951210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2248813807964325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21916905045509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.19904619455337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16735726594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.13292112946510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12357741594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.11124789714813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/4.287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4.287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310246","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975638748","https://openalex.org/W1984570848","https://openalex.org/W1985316326","https://openalex.org/W2043470648","https://openalex.org/W2052006175","https://openalex.org/W2128223917","https://openalex.org/W2157764301","https://openalex.org/W2159464568","https://openalex.org/W4293087381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W221087158","https://openalex.org/W2915471777","https://openalex.org/W318263151","https://openalex.org/W3032425875","https://openalex.org/W2013870538","https://openalex.org/W2079261375","https://openalex.org/W2413132533","https://openalex.org/W2497152992","https://openalex.org/W2482318635","https://openalex.org/W2733322820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"continuing":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,11,25],"VLSI":[4],"technology,":[5],"there":[6],"is":[7,75,91,113],"a":[8,69],"growing":[9],"interest":[10],"large-scale":[12],"parallel":[13],"systems":[14],"with":[15,101],"numerous":[16],"high-frequency":[17],"asynchronous":[18],"interactions.":[19],"However,":[20],"these":[21],"interactions":[22],"may":[23,45],"result":[24],"frequent":[26],"failures":[27],"due":[28,108],"to":[29,109],"metastable":[30,43,65,85,111],"operation":[31,44,66,86,112],"of":[32,47,55,61,64,82],"flip-flops":[33,41],"used":[34],"as":[35],"synchronizers":[36],"or":[37],"arbiters.":[38],"For":[39],"some":[40],"the":[42,56,80,83,94,117],"be":[46],"an":[48],"oscillatory":[49,84,110],"nature,":[50],"before":[51],"finally":[52],"resolving":[53],"one":[54],"stable":[57],"states.":[58],"An":[59],"analysis":[60],"this":[62],"mode":[63],"based":[67,115],"on":[68,116],"modified":[70],"dynamic":[71],"RS":[72,104],"flip-flop":[73],"model":[74],"presented.":[76],"Analytical":[77],"formulas":[78],"for":[79],"frequency":[81],"are":[87],"derived.":[88],"Good":[89],"agreement":[90],"observed":[92],"between":[93],"theoretical":[95],"results,":[96],"SPICE":[97],"simulation,":[98],"and":[99],"experiments":[100],"two":[102],"CMOS":[103],"flip-flops.":[105],"Failure":[106],"rate":[107],"discussed":[114],"experimental":[118],"results.&gt;":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
