{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159877489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/36.921418","title":"Incoherent bistatic scattering from the sea surface at L-band","display_name":"Incoherent bistatic scattering from the sea surface at L-band","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159877489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/36.921418","mag":"2159877489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/36.921418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/36.921418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111709793","display_name":"A.K. Fung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.K. Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wave Scattering Research Center, University of Texas, Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wave Scattering Research Center, University of Texas, Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031991789","display_name":"Cinzia Zuffada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Zuffada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103210680","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Chih Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-6641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43518871","display_name":"National Kaohsiung Marine University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca6fy54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43518871"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.Y. Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43518871"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111709793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95161435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"5","first_page":"1006","last_page":"1012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.8034742474555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.7941668033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.6026557087898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5477076768875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.5342273712158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.45860040187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-function","display_name":"Correlation function (quantum field theory)","score":0.45771968364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.44208860397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.43281590938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.41720911860466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.22040784358978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15377888083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.11378341913223267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.8034742474555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.7941668033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6026557087898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5477076768875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5342273712158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.45860040187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53622274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2496679","display_name":"Correlation function (quantum field theory)","level":3,"score":0.45771968364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.44208860397338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.43281590938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.41720911860466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.22040784358978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15377888083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.11378341913223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/36.921418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/36.921418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W790092344","https://openalex.org/W1534053224","https://openalex.org/W1676832643","https://openalex.org/W1997053083","https://openalex.org/W2001247608","https://openalex.org/W2038735652","https://openalex.org/W2060120943","https://openalex.org/W2096453255","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2126369707","https://openalex.org/W2138598905","https://openalex.org/W2979562478","https://openalex.org/W3166131177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389501116","https://openalex.org/W2559833131","https://openalex.org/W3105026369","https://openalex.org/W3160720146","https://openalex.org/W3100680433","https://openalex.org/W1619949811","https://openalex.org/W2999214334","https://openalex.org/W1755780225","https://openalex.org/W2011692455","https://openalex.org/W2037572085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"bistatic":[1],"electromagnetic":[2,49],"wave":[3,50],"scattering":[4,36,51,85,102,202,227],"model":[5,37,203],"for":[6,174,237],"the":[7,26,45,59,63,77,91,110,115,131,137,141,146,153,156,179,188,191,246],"sea":[8,40,157,192],"surface":[9,55,78,92,101,111,132,158,193],"is":[10,30,56,86,103,122,160,171,183,208,223,230],"developed":[11],"to":[12,90,96,106],"examine":[13],"its":[14,67,97],"wind":[15,228,247],"dependence":[16,229],"property":[17],"over":[18,245],"a":[19,39,53,107,123,175,195,201],"wide":[20,173],"range":[21,249],"of":[22,62,66,109,119,125,143,145,155,178,187,218,235,250],"incident":[23,129,238],"angles":[24,217,234,239],"along":[25],"specular":[27,226],"direction.":[28],"This":[29,80,182],"done":[31],"by":[32],"combining":[33],"an":[34],"existing":[35],"with":[38],"spectrum":[41,93],"recently":[42],"reported":[43],"in":[44,185,225],"literature.":[46],"In":[47],"general,":[48],"from":[52,76,114],"rough":[54],"dependent":[57],"on":[58,205],"Fourier":[60],"transform":[61,81],"nth":[64],"power":[65],"height":[68,133],"correlation":[69,112,147,159,180],"function":[70,124],"which":[71],"can":[72],"be":[73],"computed":[74],"numerically":[75],"spectrum.":[79],"relation":[82],"indicates":[83],"that":[84,166,190,224],"sensitive":[87,104],"not":[88,210],"only":[89,105],"but":[94],"also":[95],"convoluted":[98],"properties.":[99],"Generally,":[100],"portion":[108,121,170],"measured":[113],"origin.":[116],"The":[117,149],"size":[118],"this":[120,169],"three":[126],"variables":[127],"(the":[128],"angle,":[130],"standard":[134],"deviation,":[135],"and":[136,140,242],"exploring":[138],"wavelength)":[139],"rate":[142,151],"decay":[144,150],"function.":[148,181],"near":[152],"origin":[154],"very":[161,196],"small,":[162],"so":[163,165],"much":[164],"at":[167,212,215,232],"L-band":[168,213],"too":[172],"two-term":[176],"approximation":[177],"true":[184],"spite":[186],"fact":[189],"has":[194],"large":[197,216],"rms":[198],"height.":[199],"Thus,":[200],"based":[204],"geometric":[206],"optics":[207],"generally":[209],"applicable":[211],"especially":[214],"incidence.":[219],"An":[220],"additional":[221],"finding":[222],"stronger":[231],"larger":[233],"incidence":[236],"between":[240],"0":[241],"70/spl":[243],"deg/":[244],"speed":[248],"4":[251],"m/s-20":[252],"m/s.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}