{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041757814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09685220810920521","title":"A multidimensional approach to multilevel security","display_name":"A multidimensional approach to multilevel security","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041757814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09685220810920521","mag":"2041757814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/09685220810920521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09685220810920521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204075876","display_name":"Information Management & Computer Security","issn_l":"0968-5227","issn":["0968-5227","1758-5805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Management &amp; Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037650005","display_name":"Eli Winjum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163244428","display_name":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment","ror":"https://ror.org/0098gnz32","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli Winjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163244428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063833666","display_name":"Bj\u00f8rn Kjetil M\u00f8lmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f8rn Kjetil M\u00f8lmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kubekit AS, Lillestr\u00f8m, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kubekit AS, Lillestr\u00f8m, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91401992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"436","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8254450559616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.5720031261444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.5623013973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.526769757270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.49452778697013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48794668912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4810781180858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.4421337842941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4124416410923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3896723985671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10282477736473083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8254450559616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.5720031261444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5623013973236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.526769757270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.49452778697013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48794668912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4810781180858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.4421337842941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4124416410923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3896723985671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10282477736473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/09685220810920521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09685220810920521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204075876","display_name":"Information Management & Computer Security","issn_l":"0968-5227","issn":["0968-5227","1758-5805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Management &amp; Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502975312","https://openalex.org/W1559155956","https://openalex.org/W1593224551","https://openalex.org/W1654253310","https://openalex.org/W1968328775","https://openalex.org/W2007999111","https://openalex.org/W2060690494","https://openalex.org/W2061179786","https://openalex.org/W2094873755","https://openalex.org/W2103078852","https://openalex.org/W2109595961","https://openalex.org/W2112998096","https://openalex.org/W2115547093","https://openalex.org/W2134296086","https://openalex.org/W2134930795","https://openalex.org/W2148952798","https://openalex.org/W2153772134","https://openalex.org/W2162022335","https://openalex.org/W2166602595","https://openalex.org/W2249528289","https://openalex.org/W2619779390","https://openalex.org/W6632999242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W2365469275","https://openalex.org/W4238179319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,31,85,179,193,209],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,28,54,73,83,137,155,202],"this":[4,109],"paper":[5,86,194],"is":[6,77,181],"to":[7,36,189,212,217],"propose":[8],"and":[9,47,101,164,207],"describe":[10],"a":[11,25,55,64,143,196,214],"concept":[12,32,198,210],"for":[13,184],"multilevel":[14],"security":[15,29,52,59],"(MLS)":[16],"that":[17,44,199],"may":[18,95,173],"be":[19,116,140,213],"advantageous":[20],"in":[21,158],"information":[22,37,57,98],"systems":[23,38,163],"with":[24,39],"limited":[26,40],"number":[27,82],"levels.":[30,84],"should":[33],"also":[34],"adapt":[35],"capacities.":[41],"Design/methodology/approach":[42],"Assuming":[43],"confidentiality,":[45,205],"integrity":[46,206],"availability":[48],"are":[49,61],"mutually":[50],"independent":[51],"attributes":[53],"generic":[56],"object,":[58],"requirements":[60],"modelled":[62],"as":[63],"multidimensional":[65],"vector":[66],"space.":[67],"Each":[68],"axis":[69,76],"represents":[70],"one":[71],"dimension":[72],"security.":[74],"An":[75],"divided":[78],"into":[79],"an":[80,125],"arbitrary":[81],"shows":[87],"how":[88],"rules":[89],"from":[90],"the":[91,175],"classic":[92,218],"MLS":[93,121,197,219],"models":[94],"enforce":[96],"one\u2010directional":[97],"flow":[99,108],"simultaneously":[100],"independently":[102,123],"along":[103],"each":[104],"axis.":[105],"By":[106],"controlling":[107],"way,":[110],"insecure":[111],"or":[112,133],"undefined":[113],"states":[114],"cannot":[115],"reached.":[117],"Findings":[118],"Handling":[119],"different":[120],"properties":[122],"enables":[124],"effective":[126],"verification":[127,177],"algorithm":[128],"based":[129],"on":[130],"simple":[131],"logical":[132,170],"binary":[134],"operations.":[135],"Verification":[136],"rights":[138],"can":[139],"executed":[141],"within":[142],"few":[144],"clock":[145],"cycles.":[146],"Research":[147],"limitations/implications":[148],"Future":[149],"research":[150],"includes":[151],"formal":[152],"in\u2010depth":[153],"studies":[154],"potential":[156],"applications":[157],"databases,":[159],"sensor":[160],"information,":[161],"operating":[162],"communication":[165],"networks.":[166],"Practical":[167],"implications":[168],"Simple":[169],"port":[171],"circuits":[172],"implement":[174],"proposed":[176],"method.":[178],"method":[180],"well":[182],"suited":[183],"tamper":[185],"proof":[186],"devices":[187],"immune":[188],"software\u2010based":[190],"attacks.":[191],"Originality/value":[192],"describes":[195],"combines":[200],"dimensions":[201],"security,":[203],"like":[204],"availability.":[208],"intends":[211],"\u201clight\u2010weight\u201d":[215],"alternative":[216],"models.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
