{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993538489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2013-0250","title":"Cascade defense in urban road network by inserting modular topologies","display_name":"Cascade defense in urban road network by inserting modular topologies","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993538489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2013-0250","mag":"1993538489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/k-11-2013-0250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2013-0250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168682784","display_name":"Kybernetes","issn_l":"0368-492X","issn":["0368-492X","1758-7883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kybernetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002033052","display_name":"Zhiyun Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-8090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyun Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101043477","display_name":"Jinlong Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032902372","display_name":"Gao Jianzhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031123093","display_name":"Xuecai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-8441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuecai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002033052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69830362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"750","last_page":"763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.8357571959495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7767117619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.7000283598899841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.665684163570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.5604861974716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4809824228286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4616599678993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4560553729534149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4449616074562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3614039421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20962747931480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16109201312065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10962662100791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.07116082310676575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.8357571959495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7767117619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.7000283598899841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.665684163570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.5604861974716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4809824228286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4616599678993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4560553729534149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4449616074562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3614039421081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20962747931480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16109201312065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10962662100791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.07116082310676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/k-11-2013-0250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2013-0250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168682784","display_name":"Kybernetes","issn_l":"0368-492X","issn":["0368-492X","1758-7883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kybernetes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571130651","https://openalex.org/W1932416503","https://openalex.org/W1969383134","https://openalex.org/W1970040753","https://openalex.org/W1987503013","https://openalex.org/W1991792027","https://openalex.org/W2004309119","https://openalex.org/W2004601633","https://openalex.org/W2004961711","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2010478496","https://openalex.org/W2012549825","https://openalex.org/W2015926110","https://openalex.org/W2018229359","https://openalex.org/W2020182345","https://openalex.org/W2030017285","https://openalex.org/W2037326585","https://openalex.org/W2044881936","https://openalex.org/W2054925299","https://openalex.org/W2060393231","https://openalex.org/W2061896930","https://openalex.org/W2065769502","https://openalex.org/W2071563060","https://openalex.org/W2075542919","https://openalex.org/W2080243455","https://openalex.org/W2080731084","https://openalex.org/W2086464097","https://openalex.org/W2095179734","https://openalex.org/W2106034715","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2121821841","https://openalex.org/W2129918926","https://openalex.org/W2130476447","https://openalex.org/W2164727176","https://openalex.org/W2991165870","https://openalex.org/W3103071483","https://openalex.org/W3105727584","https://openalex.org/W6670678262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2355051428","https://openalex.org/W2373141077","https://openalex.org/W2608186352","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W2045160738","https://openalex.org/W4321437978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"\u2013":[1,40,143,227,261],"By":[2,122],"aiming":[3],"at":[4,231],"defending":[5],"cascade":[6,266],"failures":[7,177,242],"effectively,":[8],"the":[9,29,54,61,64,76,86,92,100,114,126,131,134,138,148,151,156,160,164,173,180,185,189,203,213,218,222,233,240,244,251,254],"purpose":[10],"of":[11,19,31,105,128,133,150,159,175,182,221,243,253],"this":[12,90,275],"paper":[13],"is":[14,43,51,140,153,200,272],"to":[15,82,97,99,113,155,238],"present":[16,192],"a":[17,46,168,208],"strategy":[18,65,139,152,229,264],"inserting":[20],"modular":[21,87,165],"topologies":[22],"into":[23,53],"urban":[24,255,269],"road":[25,256,270],"network":[26,257,271],"through":[27,137],"reducing":[28,172],"burdens":[30,234],"critical":[32,236],"components":[33,237],"with":[34,70,85,102,116,167],"too":[35],"much":[36],"traffic":[37,120],"flow.":[38,121],"Design/methodology/approach":[39],"Each":[41],"module":[42],"considered":[44],"as":[45,125],"small-world":[47],"random":[48],"network,":[49,77,245],"which":[50],"inserted":[52,93,161],"initial":[55],"Barab\u00e1si-Albert":[56],"scale-free":[57],"network.":[58],"Based":[59],"on":[60,171,211,250],"user-equilibrium":[62],"assignment,":[63],"searches":[66],"for":[67,265],"remote":[68],"nodes":[69,81,101,115],"low":[71],"betweeness":[72,118],"and":[73,78,108,119,163,246],"flow":[74],"in":[75,235,268,274],"sets":[79],"these":[80],"be":[83],"connected":[84],"topologies.":[88],"In":[89],"sense,":[91],"modules":[94],"are":[95],"supposed":[96],"attach":[98],"lower":[103],"intensity":[104],"shorter":[106],"path,":[107],"avoid":[109],"bringing":[110],"more":[111],"impact":[112],"higher":[117],"using":[123],"efficiency":[124],"measurement":[127],"cascading":[129,176,214,241],"failures,":[130,215],"performance":[132,149],"networks":[135],"generated":[136],"tested.":[141],"Findings":[142],"The":[144,228],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147,202],"sensitive":[154],"average":[157],"degree":[158],"modular,":[162],"size":[166,174],"better":[169,209],"effect":[170,210],"or":[178],"delaying":[179,217],"time":[181,220],"breakdown,":[183],"while":[184],"other":[186],"factors":[187],"(e.g.":[188],"rewired":[190],"probability)":[191],"few":[193],"differences":[194],"among":[195],"various":[196],"values.":[197],"Meanwhile,":[198],"it":[199],"found":[201],"importance-based":[204],"attachment":[205],"mechanism":[206],"has":[207],"preventing":[212],"especially":[216],"step":[219],"larger":[223],"reduction.":[224],"Practical":[225],"implications":[226],"aims":[230],"alleviating":[232],"prevent":[239],"provides":[247],"practical":[248],"guidance":[249],"decision":[252],"evolving":[258],"process.":[259],"Originality/value":[260],"An":[262],"effective":[263],"defense":[267],"proposed":[273],"paper.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}