{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770110723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2017-0198","title":"English vocabulary learning through recommender system based on sentence complexity and vocabulary difficulty","display_name":"English vocabulary learning through recommender system based on sentence complexity and vocabulary difficulty","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770110723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2017-0198","mag":"2770110723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/k-06-2017-0198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2017-0198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168682784","display_name":"Kybernetes","issn_l":"0368-492X","issn":["0368-492X","1758-7883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kybernetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068240687","display_name":"Mahboub Okhdar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293555014","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/04hnf9a51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahboub Okhdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038199586","display_name":"Ali Ghaffari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293555014","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/04hnf9a51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ghaffari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068240687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293555014"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6364999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"44","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7873226404190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7164474725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6087167263031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5907116532325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5622776746749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learnability","display_name":"Learnability","score":0.528073787689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5236261487007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.4811604917049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pearson-product-moment-correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","score":0.45996031165122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.4410301446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13343289494514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12168309092521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10726392269134521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7873226404190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7164474725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6087167263031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5907116532325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5622776746749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777723229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4367921","display_name":"Learnability","level":2,"score":0.528073787689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5236261487007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.4811604917049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.45996031165122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.4410301446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13343289494514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12168309092521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10726392269134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/k-06-2017-0198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2017-0198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168682784","display_name":"Kybernetes","issn_l":"0368-492X","issn":["0368-492X","1758-7883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kybernetes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W638006253","https://openalex.org/W824612272","https://openalex.org/W1481128830","https://openalex.org/W1969932894","https://openalex.org/W1974679909","https://openalex.org/W1979008659","https://openalex.org/W1980300263","https://openalex.org/W2016386677","https://openalex.org/W2016672430","https://openalex.org/W2018173251","https://openalex.org/W2031634675","https://openalex.org/W2048587526","https://openalex.org/W2049260199","https://openalex.org/W2068821228","https://openalex.org/W2090317907","https://openalex.org/W2128026023","https://openalex.org/W2156834477","https://openalex.org/W2257534079","https://openalex.org/W2257537913","https://openalex.org/W2259876725","https://openalex.org/W2344015651","https://openalex.org/W2480140084","https://openalex.org/W2514091133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4302791369","https://openalex.org/W2951285859","https://openalex.org/W2368019753","https://openalex.org/W2333930193","https://openalex.org/W2737356002","https://openalex.org/W2246241526","https://openalex.org/W72092541","https://openalex.org/W2766040214","https://openalex.org/W37360785","https://openalex.org/W1973394166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Based":[1],"on":[2,84,156],"consideration":[3],"of":[4,13,32,37,78,91,108,118,147,160,178,209,211],"learner":[5],"needs":[6],"for":[7,74,205,227],"expanding":[8],"vocabulary":[9,25],"and":[10,63,123,130,152,173,176,180,203,213],"the":[11,46,53,57,66,76,81,89,92,109,113,116,157,174,207],"complexity":[12],"educational":[14],"content,":[15],"this":[16,51],"paper":[17,217],"introduces":[18],"a":[19,30,40,95,184,223],"model":[20,221],"aimed":[21],"at":[22],"facilitating":[23],"English":[24,38],"learning.":[26],"Design/methodology/approach":[27],"By":[28],"measuring":[29],"set":[31],"effective":[33],"variables":[34],"regarding":[35],"simplicity":[36],"sentences,":[39],"ranking":[41],"algorithm":[42],"is":[43,61,137],"presented":[44],"in":[45,56,149,183],"proposed":[47,189],"model.":[48],"According":[49],"to":[50,65,139],"ranking,":[52],"simplest":[54],"sentence":[55,85,121,230],"recommender":[58],"system":[59,161],"(RS)":[60],"selected":[62],"recommended":[64,93],"user.":[67],"Furthermore,":[68],"Pearson":[69],"correlation":[70,79,114],"coefficient":[71],"was":[72,97],"used":[73,198],"checking":[75,206],"degree":[77,208],"among":[80,115],"respective":[82],"parameters":[83,117],"simplicity.":[86],"For":[87],"evaluating":[88],"efficiency":[90],"algorithm,":[94],"prototype":[96],"designed":[98],"by":[99,163,199],"programming":[100],"using":[101],"Embarcadero":[102],"Delphi":[103],"XE2.":[104],"Findings":[105],"The":[106,133,145,188],"results":[107],"study":[110],"indicated":[111],"that":[112],"word":[119],"frequency,":[120],"length":[122],"average":[124],"dependency":[125],"distance":[126],"were":[127],"0.723,":[128],"0.683":[129],"0.589,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"computed":[134],"final":[135,229],"score":[136],"considered":[138],"be":[140,197],"more":[141],"accurate.":[142],"Practical":[143],"implications":[144,187],"application":[146],"RS":[148],"language":[150,201],"learning":[151],"education":[153],"sheds":[154],"light":[155],"theoretical":[158],"validity":[159],"thinking":[162],"highlighting":[164],"its":[165,168],"key":[166],"features:":[167],"multidisciplinary":[169],"nature,":[170],"complexity,":[171],"dynamicity":[172],"interdependence":[175],"relation":[177],"micro":[179],"macro":[181],"levels":[182],"system.":[185],"Social":[186],"method":[190],"has":[191],"significant":[192],"pedagogical":[193],"implications;":[194],"it":[195],"can":[196],"second":[200],"teachers":[202],"learners":[204],"complexity/learnability":[210],"discourse":[212],"text.":[214],"Originality/value":[215],"This":[216],"proposes":[218],"an":[219],"alternate":[220],"with":[222],"significantly":[224],"higher":[225],"speed":[226],"computing":[228],"score.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}