{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289948650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2022-0263","title":"Factors affecting misinformation combating intention in Pakistan during COVID-19","display_name":"Factors affecting misinformation combating intention in Pakistan during COVID-19","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289948650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2022-0263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/k-02-2022-0263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2022-0263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168682784","display_name":"Kybernetes","issn_l":"0368-492X","issn":["0368-492X","1758-7883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kybernetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085253966","display_name":"Amara Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-7383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amara Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-7383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012724760","display_name":"Talat Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-4513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talat Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-4513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056095141","display_name":"Khalid Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-7168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96549003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"12","first_page":"5753","last_page":"5775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.968478262424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7007270455360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","score":0.6504483819007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6478497982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.5211089253425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognitive-theory","display_name":"Social cognitive theory","score":0.45259666442871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4306303858757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-influence","display_name":"Social influence","score":0.4287327229976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entertainment","display_name":"Entertainment","score":0.4275265038013458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.42040324211120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","score":0.4138123393058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.2155817449092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16804248094558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10042819380760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07805991172790527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.968478262424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7007270455360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.6504483819007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6478497982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5211089253425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14564219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383646","display_name":"Social cognitive theory","level":2,"score":0.45259666442871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4306303858757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.4287327229976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.4275265038013458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.42040324211120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.4138123393058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.2155817449092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16804248094558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10042819380760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07805991172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/k-02-2022-0263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2022-0263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168682784","display_name":"Kybernetes","issn_l":"0368-492X","issn":["0368-492X","1758-7883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kybernetes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W969897168","https://openalex.org/W1964352078","https://openalex.org/W1969812592","https://openalex.org/W1986339133","https://openalex.org/W2000161159","https://openalex.org/W2003429563","https://openalex.org/W2003496454","https://openalex.org/W2006766231","https://openalex.org/W2008073538","https://openalex.org/W2008144508","https://openalex.org/W2014134373","https://openalex.org/W2047567467","https://openalex.org/W2061869679","https://openalex.org/W2071369508","https://openalex.org/W2073270273","https://openalex.org/W2073728772","https://openalex.org/W2078690141","https://openalex.org/W2098195044","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2106763500","https://openalex.org/W2118769530","https://openalex.org/W2121812884","https://openalex.org/W2127214493","https://openalex.org/W2132553681","https://openalex.org/W2142405223","https://openalex.org/W2162437324","https://openalex.org/W2170145114","https://openalex.org/W2211668096","https://openalex.org/W2337143519","https://openalex.org/W2540701488","https://openalex.org/W2588296872","https://openalex.org/W2590619071","https://openalex.org/W2789588920","https://openalex.org/W2909548244","https://openalex.org/W2909738287","https://openalex.org/W2914410035","https://openalex.org/W2941000429","https://openalex.org/W2960252656","https://openalex.org/W2993764965","https://openalex.org/W3011140131","https://openalex.org/W3012884612","https://openalex.org/W3013473577","https://openalex.org/W3015218641","https://openalex.org/W3015622078","https://openalex.org/W3015998441","https://openalex.org/W3033561647","https://openalex.org/W3033580827","https://openalex.org/W3036097324","https://openalex.org/W3036744098","https://openalex.org/W3037564251","https://openalex.org/W3038131921","https://openalex.org/W3042114636","https://openalex.org/W3044429417","https://openalex.org/W3045275190","https://openalex.org/W3045747211","https://openalex.org/W3045984998","https://openalex.org/W3084749725","https://openalex.org/W3087304800","https://openalex.org/W3092423743","https://openalex.org/W3095606596","https://openalex.org/W3097775121","https://openalex.org/W3106849379","https://openalex.org/W3108109390","https://openalex.org/W3108286161","https://openalex.org/W3108812612","https://openalex.org/W3109682014","https://openalex.org/W3116377978","https://openalex.org/W3125754710","https://openalex.org/W3129475259","https://openalex.org/W3129517904","https://openalex.org/W3136882482","https://openalex.org/W3139175024","https://openalex.org/W3142888993","https://openalex.org/W3149999329","https://openalex.org/W3164654240","https://openalex.org/W3167719931","https://openalex.org/W3176718134","https://openalex.org/W3184362877","https://openalex.org/W3186698470","https://openalex.org/W3194255365","https://openalex.org/W3195378094","https://openalex.org/W3197888754","https://openalex.org/W3208626441","https://openalex.org/W3208657672","https://openalex.org/W4205363627","https://openalex.org/W4206406919","https://openalex.org/W4210394202","https://openalex.org/W4211137631","https://openalex.org/W4211196673","https://openalex.org/W4213161973","https://openalex.org/W4226440529","https://openalex.org/W4229042537","https://openalex.org/W4247047808","https://openalex.org/W4280494558","https://openalex.org/W4280651727","https://openalex.org/W4281285956","https://openalex.org/W4281647481","https://openalex.org/W4281886291","https://openalex.org/W4283219579","https://openalex.org/W4288050260","https://openalex.org/W4292808503","https://openalex.org/W4400902940","https://openalex.org/W6732422774","https://openalex.org/W7058465997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W2800889318","https://openalex.org/W3184787772","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4283459170","https://openalex.org/W4229014887","https://openalex.org/W603013573","https://openalex.org/W4225301003","https://openalex.org/W4220949352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Misinformation":[1],"on":[2,69,225],"social":[3,23,43,88,125,144,165,226,246,270],"media":[4,24,72,89,126,145,166,227,271],"has":[5],"become":[6],"a":[7,19,185,229],"great":[8],"threat":[9],"across":[10],"the":[11,14,31,35,38,95,103,189,214,220,236,266],"globe.":[12],"Therefore,":[13,202],"authors":[15,36,83,104,114,176,237],"aim":[16],"to":[17,65,78,133,160,212,254],"provide":[18],"comprehensive":[20],"understanding":[21],"of":[22,48,63,98,121,180,222,251,263],"users'":[25,70,127,146,167,272],"misinformation":[26,76,131,136,153,171,181,224,273],"combating":[27,137,182,223,274],"behavior,":[28],"especially":[29],"during":[30,94,188],"COVID-19":[32,190],"pandemic.":[33],"Specifically,":[34],"merged":[37,238],"uses":[39,242],"and":[40,46,61,75,118,130,149,170,192,196,210,219,243,249,261],"gratifications":[41,244],"theory,":[42,245],"cognitive":[44,247],"theory":[45,47,248,250],"prosocial":[49,71,252],"behavior":[50,221],"into":[51],"one":[52],"theoretical":[53],"framework":[54],"(e.g.":[55,241],"information":[56,140,256],"seeking,":[57,59,257,259],"status":[58,156,197,258],"entertainment":[60,117,195,260],"norms":[62,120,262],"reciprocity)":[64],"understand":[66,213,255],"their":[67,135,152],"effect":[68],"sharing":[73],"experience":[74,129,148,169],"self-efficacy":[77,132],"combat":[79],"misinformation.":[80],"Design/methodology/approach":[81],"The":[82,113,175],"collected":[84],"data":[85],"from":[86],"356":[87],"users":[90],"through":[91],"\u201cGoogle":[92],"Forms\u201d":[93],"third":[96],"wave":[97],"coronavirus":[99],"in":[100,184],"Pakistan.":[101],"Further,":[102],"applied":[105],"structural":[106],"equation":[107],"modeling":[108],"for":[109,269],"hypotheses":[110],"testing.":[111],"Findings":[112],"noted":[115,159,193],"that":[116,194],"perceived":[119],"reciprocity":[122,264],"positively":[123,142],"affect":[124],"prior":[128,147,168],"enhance":[134],"intention.":[138,275],"However,":[139],"seeking":[141,157,198],"affects":[143,151],"insignificantly":[150,162],"self-efficacy.":[154,172],"Similarly,":[155],"was":[158],"be":[161],"associated":[163],"with":[164],"Research":[173],"limitations/implications":[174],"tested":[177],"this":[178,203,234],"model":[179],"intention":[183],"developing":[186,230],"country":[187],"pandemic":[191],"motives":[199,268],"are":[200],"context-specific.":[201],"study":[204,235],"may":[205],"likely":[206],"benefit":[207],"researchers,":[208],"academicians":[209],"policymakers":[211],"causal":[215],"relationship":[216],"between":[217],"motivations":[218],"within":[228],"country.":[231],"Originality/value":[232],"In":[233],"three":[239],"theories":[240],"behavior)":[253],"as":[265],"main":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}