{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384202543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-11-2022-0411","title":"Towards cross-border CBDC\u00a0interoperability: insights\u00a0from a\u00a0multivocal literature review","display_name":"Towards cross-border CBDC\u00a0interoperability: insights\u00a0from a\u00a0multivocal literature review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384202543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-11-2022-0411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/jeim-11-2022-0411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-11-2022-0411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141478581","display_name":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management","issn_l":"1741-0398","issn":["1741-0398","1758-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090863326","display_name":"Marinos Themistocleous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6904-9692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17389662","display_name":"University of Nicosia","ror":"https://ror.org/04v18t651","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17389662"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marinos Themistocleous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Innovation, School of Business, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Innovation, School of Business, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17389662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000326321","display_name":"Paulo Rupino da Cunha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-5248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Rupino da Cunha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-5248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039837578","display_name":"Evangelos Tabakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-8819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153515283","display_name":"European Central Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ajckn66","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I153515283"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Tabakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-8819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153515283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101473719","display_name":"Maria Papadaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4530-1021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193260172","display_name":"British University in Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/00mc18523","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193260172"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Papadaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business and Law, The British University in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4530-1021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business and Law, The British University in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193260172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.2978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99536449,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"1296","last_page":"1318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9369000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9093999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8943390846252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.6065348386764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/currency","display_name":"Currency","score":0.48619312047958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-domain-interoperability","display_name":"Cross-domain interoperability","score":0.4760677218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.44763147830963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42215844988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.32898464798927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-interoperability","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","score":0.24932175874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2211298644542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.21636611223220825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8943390846252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.6065348386764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.48619312047958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26805982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008183","display_name":"Cross-domain interoperability","level":4,"score":0.4760677218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.44763147830963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42215844988822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32898464798927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192800085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5258530","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","level":3,"score":0.24932175874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2211298644542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21636611223220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/jeim-11-2022-0411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-11-2022-0411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141478581","display_name":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management","issn_l":"1741-0398","issn":["1741-0398","1758-7409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037802710","https://openalex.org/W2056683859","https://openalex.org/W2111628838","https://openalex.org/W2168894761","https://openalex.org/W2336383631","https://openalex.org/W2735864825","https://openalex.org/W2909010368","https://openalex.org/W3012102196","https://openalex.org/W3037337399","https://openalex.org/W3039237751","https://openalex.org/W3039476817","https://openalex.org/W3118435490","https://openalex.org/W3118672276","https://openalex.org/W3132864338","https://openalex.org/W3133577059","https://openalex.org/W3155028880","https://openalex.org/W3174009665","https://openalex.org/W3176672311","https://openalex.org/W3177056500","https://openalex.org/W3185990412","https://openalex.org/W3196817664","https://openalex.org/W4210933771","https://openalex.org/W4225164691","https://openalex.org/W4285239568","https://openalex.org/W4410095044","https://openalex.org/W6779649358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109385585","https://openalex.org/W3209454962","https://openalex.org/W1585436311","https://openalex.org/W939442210","https://openalex.org/W2913525168","https://openalex.org/W2529808481","https://openalex.org/W3179006481","https://openalex.org/W2126995454","https://openalex.org/W2621382554","https://openalex.org/W98603161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Central":[1,17],"banks":[2,151,202,447],"from":[3,55,122,441],"more":[4],"than":[5],"100":[6],"countries,":[7],"representing":[8],"95%":[9],"of":[10,85,174,220,241,249,293,369,394,424,427],"the":[11,77,83,115,136,168,172,214,290,298,328,341,354,361,364,371,380,391,407,425],"global":[12],"financial":[13,37],"output,":[14],"are":[15,267],"studying":[16],"Bank":[18,173],"Digital":[19],"Currencies":[20],"(CBDCs).":[21],"CBDCs":[22,111,284],"can":[23],"potentially":[24],"enable":[25],"safe,":[26],"efficient":[27],"and":[28,31,62,80,89,99,118,152,158,203,251,263,278,403,409,421,448],"inexpensive":[29],"cross-border":[30,47,112,141,186,195,222,396,429],"cross-currency":[32],"payments":[33],"in":[34,82,247,335,351,363],"today's":[35],"interconnected":[36],"system.":[38],"However,":[39],"a":[40,52,104,321,344,376],"critical":[41,422],"factor":[42],"influencing":[43],"their":[44],"expansion":[45],"is":[46,51,143,238,285,308,340,399],"interoperability.":[48,113,187],"Therefore,":[49],"there":[50,266,339],"high":[53],"demand":[54],"central":[56,86,150,201,446],"banks,":[57],"researchers,":[58],"computer":[59],"scientists,":[60],"policy-":[61,402],"decision-makers":[63,404],"to":[64,167,225,244,260,270,296,310,323,374,382,401,413],"explore":[65,206],"this":[66,97,156,212,314,336],"topic":[67,101],"further.":[68],"Its":[69],"better":[70],"understanding":[71],"will":[72],"improve":[73],"information":[74,307],"management,":[75],"enhance":[76],"decision-making":[78],"process,":[79],"result":[81],"redesign":[84],"banks'":[87],"processes":[88],"products":[90],"(digital":[91],"currencies).":[92],"Design/methodology/approach":[93],"The":[94,131,162,188,231,386,416],"authors":[95,116,132,163,215,329,355,372,387,417],"investigate":[96,226],"novel":[98],"timely":[100],"by":[102,149,171,199],"conducting":[103],"Multivocal":[105],"Systematic":[106],"Literature":[107],"Review":[108],"(MSLR)":[109],"on":[110,139,283,390,411],"Additionally,":[114],"collect":[117],"analyze":[119],"empirical":[120],"data":[121],"various":[123],"online":[124],"resources":[125],"such":[126,444],"as":[127,178,265,320,445],"CBDC":[128,140,185,194,221,395,428],"trackers.":[129],"Findings":[130],"conclude":[133],"that":[134,192,234,305,343,353],"although":[135,235,327],"academic":[137,333,435],"literature":[138,366,436],"interoperability":[142,196,223,237,257],"very":[144],"limited,":[145],"valuable":[146,160,400],"documents":[147,381,440],"published":[148,170,350],"other":[153,204,255],"entities":[154],"discuss":[155],"issue":[157],"provide":[159,388,418],"insights.":[161],"paid":[164],"particular":[165],"attention":[166],"reports":[169],"International":[175],"Settlement":[176],"(BIS)":[177],"it":[179],"proposes":[180],"three":[181,208,228],"different":[182],"models":[183],"for":[184,379],"study":[189,219,315,337],"research":[190],"reveals":[191],"most":[193],"projects":[197],"run":[198],"several":[200],"organizations":[205],"these":[207],"BIS":[209,229],"models.":[210,230],"For":[211],"research,":[213],"performed":[216],"an":[217,294,419],"in-depth":[218],"cases":[224],"all":[227],"findings":[232],"illustrate":[233],"technical":[236],"feasible,":[239],"plenty":[240],"work":[242,316],"needs":[243],"be":[245,261,303,318],"done":[246],"terms":[248],"standards":[250],"interfaces.":[252],"In":[253],"addition,":[254],"non-technical":[256],"areas":[258],"need":[259],"explored":[262],"addressed,":[264],"concerns":[268],"related":[269,449],"legal":[271],"issues,":[272],"regulations,":[273],"jurisdictional":[274],"boundaries,":[275],"policy":[276],"challenges":[277],"governance.":[279],"Research":[280,282],"limitations/implications":[281],"progressing":[286],"quickly,":[287],"so,":[288],"despite":[289],"authors\u2019":[291],"use":[292],"MSLR":[295],"identify":[297],"state-of-the-art,":[299],"interested":[300],"parties":[301],"should":[302,317],"aware":[304],"new":[306],"prone":[309],"appear":[311],"imminently.":[312],"Hence,":[313],"understood":[319],"basis":[322],"build":[324],"upon.":[325],"Also,":[326],"have":[330,348,356],"included":[331],"major":[332],"databases":[334],"search,":[338],"possibility":[342],"few":[345],"papers":[346],"may":[347],"been":[349],"outlets":[352],"not":[357,432],"covered.":[358],"Finally,":[359],"since":[360],"search":[362],"grey":[365],"returned":[367],"thousands":[368],"hits,":[370],"had":[373],"define":[375],"stopping":[377],"criterion":[378],"analyze.":[383],"Practical":[384],"implications":[385],"insights":[389],"current":[392],"state":[393],"interoperability,":[397,430],"which":[398],"currently":[405],"assessing":[406],"situation":[408],"deciding":[410],"avenues":[412],"pursue.":[414],"Originality/value":[415],"integrated":[420],"view":[423],"developments":[426],"considering":[431],"only":[433],"available":[434],"but":[437],"also":[438],"fundamental":[439],"key":[442],"institutions":[443],"organizations.":[450]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
