{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225385007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-10-2021-0193","title":"A study of the virtual reality cybersickness impacts and improvement strategy towards the overall undergraduate students\u2019 virtual learning experience","display_name":"A study of the virtual reality cybersickness impacts and improvement strategy towards the overall undergraduate students\u2019 virtual learning experience","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225385007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-10-2021-0193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/itse-10-2021-0193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-10-2021-0193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43354291","display_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","issn_l":"1741-5659","issn":["1741-5659","1758-8510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084844064","display_name":"Sannia Mareta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-4277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sannia Mareta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for English Language Education (CELE), Science and Engineering Content, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for English Language Education (CELE), Science and Engineering Content, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021251651","display_name":"Joseph Manuel Thenara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7584-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Manuel Thenara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090585855","display_name":"Rafael Rivero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13591777","display_name":"University of Nottingham Ningbo China","ror":"https://ror.org/03y4dt428","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13591777","https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Rivero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13591777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042397791","display_name":"May Tan\u2010Mullins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110442","display_name":"James Cook University Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01y5z8p89","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110442"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"May Tan-Mullins","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Cook University Australia, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Cook University Australia, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110442"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9103804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"460","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7502569556236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7056372165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.544533908367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-simulation","display_name":"Instructional simulation","score":0.5144158005714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4370800256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.43668514490127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-learning-environment","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","score":0.4285879135131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42812785506248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4183991551399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.38702452182769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.33190661668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.21947619318962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12159174680709839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7502569556236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7056372165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.544533908367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178624890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056636","display_name":"Instructional simulation","level":3,"score":0.5144158005714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4370800256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43668514490127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.4285879135131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42812785506248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4183991551399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.38702452182769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.33190661668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.21947619318962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12159174680709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/itse-10-2021-0193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-10-2021-0193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43354291","display_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","issn_l":"1741-5659","issn":["1741-5659","1758-8510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:78220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400519","display_name":"ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","host_organization_name":"James Cook University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161162798","https://openalex.org/W643969235","https://openalex.org/W1554565390","https://openalex.org/W1704809694","https://openalex.org/W1994877858","https://openalex.org/W2024828393","https://openalex.org/W2048170450","https://openalex.org/W2088591158","https://openalex.org/W2120345115","https://openalex.org/W2137820733","https://openalex.org/W2201198742","https://openalex.org/W2750080190","https://openalex.org/W2767027038","https://openalex.org/W2810558308","https://openalex.org/W2883931475","https://openalex.org/W2894808527","https://openalex.org/W2897916980","https://openalex.org/W2918920378","https://openalex.org/W2927899560","https://openalex.org/W2954356134","https://openalex.org/W2963628743","https://openalex.org/W2969088541","https://openalex.org/W2969647435","https://openalex.org/W2969931297","https://openalex.org/W2971793399","https://openalex.org/W2975061898","https://openalex.org/W2987381518","https://openalex.org/W2995065029","https://openalex.org/W2999901333","https://openalex.org/W2999909034","https://openalex.org/W3002636634","https://openalex.org/W3038355529","https://openalex.org/W3038372909","https://openalex.org/W3041285464","https://openalex.org/W3048836762","https://openalex.org/W3095375900","https://openalex.org/W3097875124","https://openalex.org/W3104999340","https://openalex.org/W3108485846","https://openalex.org/W3113568199","https://openalex.org/W3122714765","https://openalex.org/W3159945837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3139240488","https://openalex.org/W2917384970","https://openalex.org/W2180550242","https://openalex.org/W602464118","https://openalex.org/W2100449799","https://openalex.org/W2798505380","https://openalex.org/W2132744479","https://openalex.org/W2963106641","https://openalex.org/W4200070215","https://openalex.org/W4315647716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Virtual":[1],"reality":[2],"(VR)":[3],"technologies":[4],"have":[5],"expanded":[6],"their":[7],"application":[8],"domains":[9],"towards":[10],"education":[11],"with":[12],"pedagogical":[13],"benefits":[14],"including":[15],"fully":[16],"immersive":[17],"learning":[18,69,130],"environment":[19,218,256],"and":[20,68,87,107,124,134,175,183,212,241],"in-depth":[21],"user":[22],"engagement":[23],"through":[24],"scenario-based":[25],"virtual":[26,82,207,217],"simulations.":[27],"Motion":[28],"sickness":[29],"(MS),":[30],"however,":[31],"has":[32],"become":[33],"one":[34],"of":[35,40,75,117,138,150,158,165,215],"the":[36,41,59,66,73,97,113,121,129,151,171,180,188,192,196,206,216,222,228,247],"long-standing":[37],"key":[38],"challenges":[39],"VR":[42,60,99,243],"utilisation,":[43],"even":[44],"in":[45,65,245,257],"gaming":[46],"industries.":[47],"Thus,":[48],"this":[49],"paper":[50],"aims":[51],"to":[52,96,235,239],"present":[53],"a":[54,168],"preliminary":[55],"study":[56,184,232],"on":[57],"understanding":[58],"MS,":[61],"referred":[62],"as":[63,221],"cybersickness,":[64,155],"teaching":[67],"(T&amp;L)":[70],"context":[71],"at":[72],"University":[74],"Nottingham":[76],"Ningbo":[77],"China.":[78],"Design/methodology/approach":[79],"A":[80,101],"VR-based":[81],"classroom":[83],"content":[84],"was":[85,110],"developed":[86],"tested":[88],"for":[89,112,179],"60":[90],"undergraduate":[91],"students":[92],"having":[93],"equal":[94],"access":[95],"same":[98],"equipment.":[100],"two-step":[102],"data":[103],"collection,":[104],"comprising":[105],"qualitative":[106],"quantitative":[108],"measures,":[109],"conducted":[111],"participants.":[114],"The":[115,145,231],"aspects":[116],"how":[118,125],"gender":[119,182],"influences":[120],"cybersickness":[122,189,248],"severity":[123],"academic":[126],"background":[127],"affects":[128],"experience":[131],"were":[132,160,219],"investigated":[133],"analysed":[135],"using":[136],"analysis":[137],"variance":[139],"F":[140,176],"-test":[141],"statistical":[142],"approach.":[143],"Findings":[144],"results":[146],"demonstrated":[147],"approximately":[148],"47%":[149],"participants":[152],"had":[153],"experienced":[154],"where":[156],"64%":[157],"them":[159],"females.":[161],"With":[162],"confidence":[163],"level":[164,194],"95%":[166],"(":[167],"=":[169],"5%),":[170],"obtained":[172],"p":[173],"-value":[174],"-statistical":[177],"value":[178],"respective":[181],"discipline":[185],"categories":[186],"against":[187],"symptoms":[190,249],"confirmed":[191],"significance":[193],"between":[195],"two":[197],"compared":[198],"variables.":[199],"Moreover,":[200],"it":[201],"is":[202,233],"worth":[203],"highlighting":[204],"that":[205,226,250],"movement":[208],"speed,":[209],"perspective":[210],"angle":[211],"visual":[213],"properties":[214],"selected":[220],"top":[223],"three":[224],"factors":[225],"caused":[227],"cybersickness.":[229],"Originality/value":[230],"hoped":[234],"provide":[236],"valuable":[237],"pointers":[238],"current":[240],"future":[242],"developers":[244],"minimising":[246],"would":[251],"enable":[252],"an":[253],"effective":[254],"T&amp;L":[255],"higher":[258],"education.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
