{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191986402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-01-2021-0021","title":"Technology in education: efficacies and outcomes of different delivery methods","display_name":"Technology in education: efficacies and outcomes of different delivery methods","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191986402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-01-2021-0021","mag":"3191986402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/itse-01-2021-0021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-01-2021-0021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43354291","display_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","issn_l":"1741-5659","issn":["1741-5659","1758-8510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077134585","display_name":"Malissa Maria Mahmud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malissa Maria Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087341858","display_name":"Bradley C. Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-4989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041982487","display_name":"Mohd Syuhaidi Abu Bakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-7536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Syuhaidi Abu Bakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95057495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14240","display_name":"E-Learning and COVID-19","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blended-learning","display_name":"Blended learning","score":0.7256045341491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5228955149650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.5200297832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.44855931401252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4474666714668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4009520709514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35517752170562744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.7256045341491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5228955149650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5200297832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.44855931401252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4474666714668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4009520709514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35517752170562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/itse-01-2021-0021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-01-2021-0021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43354291","display_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","issn_l":"1741-5659","issn":["1741-5659","1758-8510"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Technology and Smart Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41163576","https://openalex.org/W1644585978","https://openalex.org/W1719359252","https://openalex.org/W1940738536","https://openalex.org/W1965153012","https://openalex.org/W1965410815","https://openalex.org/W1973804484","https://openalex.org/W1976293787","https://openalex.org/W1980841627","https://openalex.org/W1990455493","https://openalex.org/W2000212889","https://openalex.org/W2008151625","https://openalex.org/W2029907009","https://openalex.org/W2032283306","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2040168896","https://openalex.org/W2051398638","https://openalex.org/W2053548378","https://openalex.org/W2056935421","https://openalex.org/W2061647004","https://openalex.org/W2062403165","https://openalex.org/W2092088039","https://openalex.org/W2099461877","https://openalex.org/W2101753349","https://openalex.org/W2105680993","https://openalex.org/W2109070640","https://openalex.org/W2109747954","https://openalex.org/W2110926176","https://openalex.org/W2128145856","https://openalex.org/W2130417011","https://openalex.org/W2133958158","https://openalex.org/W2134435022","https://openalex.org/W2149637061","https://openalex.org/W2160861367","https://openalex.org/W2161121488","https://openalex.org/W2167633951","https://openalex.org/W2183978399","https://openalex.org/W2183979570","https://openalex.org/W2245712571","https://openalex.org/W2285905857","https://openalex.org/W2520415148","https://openalex.org/W2827345081","https://openalex.org/W2967951585","https://openalex.org/W3040285095","https://openalex.org/W6843565361","https://openalex.org/W7048320698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916894870","https://openalex.org/W4231888483","https://openalex.org/W3150318159","https://openalex.org/W2492073200","https://openalex.org/W3117520335","https://openalex.org/W2622715117","https://openalex.org/W2897268065","https://openalex.org/W3088962181","https://openalex.org/W4281666290","https://openalex.org/W2593377454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"With":[1,300],"the":[2,5,10,14,21,31,89,104,165,192,201,206,209,253,262,290,301,318,322,332,342,353,361,369,390,406,409],"arrival":[3],"of":[4,16,33,38,62,93,108,113,160,164,186,195,208,255,265,292,304,315,320,324,335,352,363,392,395],"4th":[6],"Industrial":[7],"Revolution":[8],"and":[9,40,44,50,60,91,106,140,171,236,372],"Education":[11],"4.0":[12],"era,":[13],"inevitability":[15],"educators":[17],"using":[18,179,393],"technology":[19,63,126],"in":[20,64,68,75,162,204,227,246,276,317,377],"classroom":[22],"has":[23,29,55,286],"grown.":[24],"A":[25,97,111],"global":[26],"health":[27],"pandemic":[28],"hastened":[30],"adoption":[32],"online":[34],"teaching.":[35],"The":[36,128,158,238,259,329],"interdependence":[37],"technologies":[39],"pedagogies":[41],"necessitates":[42],"vigour":[43],"variability,":[45],"along":[46],"with":[47],"evolving":[48],"teaching":[49,235],"learning":[51,278,284,308,344],"practices.":[52],"Past":[53],"literature":[54],"advocated":[56],"for":[57,215,233,273,341],"various":[58],"roles":[59],"forms":[61],"education;":[65],"however,":[66],"inconsistencies":[67],"\u201cblended":[69],"learning\u201d":[70],"definitions":[71],"have":[72,311],"posed":[73],"challenges":[74],"understanding":[76],"blended":[77,94,109,277,283,307,343],"learning\u2019s":[78],"full":[79],"potential.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"a":[82,184,229,312,325,364,380,396],"quantitative":[83,98],"meta-analysis":[84,99],"was":[85,100,169,176,188,213],"conducted":[86,101],"to":[87,102,125,154,251,288,346,356,379,387,404,408],"examine":[88,103],"efficacies":[90,105],"outcomes":[92,107],"learning.":[95,110,237],"Design/methodology/approach":[96],"total":[112],"96":[114],"samples":[115,129],"were":[116,130,152,225],"carefully":[117],"chosen":[118],"based":[119,190],"on":[120,191],"established":[121],"theoretical":[122],"definitions,":[123],"relevant":[124],"use.":[127],"then":[131,177],"placed":[132],"into":[133,296],"three":[134,222,263],"categories:":[135],"Web-based":[136,370],"applications,":[137],"standalone":[138,373],"applications":[139],"devices.":[141],"Effect":[142],"sizes":[143],"(ESs)":[144],"acquired":[145],"from":[146],"Cohen\u2019s":[147,180],"d":[148],"formula":[149],"(1988;":[150],"1992)":[151],"used":[153],"determine":[155],"overall":[156],"effectiveness.":[157],"ES":[159,175],"individuals":[161],"each":[163],"delivery":[166,196,223,249],"platform":[167],"categories":[168,264,303,334],"totalled":[170],"averaged.":[172],"This":[173],"combined":[174,211],"interpreted":[178],"(1988)":[181],"benchmark.":[182],"Subsequently,":[183],"combination":[185],"ESs":[187,212],"compared":[189,386],"similar":[193,381],"type":[194],"method,":[197],"as":[198,200,270,338,350],"well":[199],"dependent":[202,382],"variables":[203],"which":[205],"average":[207],"respective":[210],"calculated":[214],"interpretation.":[216],"Findings":[217,218],"show":[219],"that":[220,242],"all":[221,413],"methods":[224],"effective":[226],"enhancing":[228],"learner\u2019s":[230],"performance,":[231],"especially":[232],"language":[234],"study":[239],"provides":[240],"insights":[241],"can":[243,384],"assist":[244],"stakeholders":[245],"selecting":[247],"different":[248,397],"platforms":[250],"befit":[252],"needs":[254],"discrete":[256],"disciplines.":[257],"Originality/value":[258],"researchers":[260,330],"recommend":[261],"technological":[266,293,305,336,365],"intervention":[267,327,337,349,366],"described":[268],"above":[269],"tangible":[271],"tenets":[272],"future":[274],"research":[275],"implementation.":[279],"Thus":[280],"far,":[281],"no":[282],"researcher":[285],"attempted":[287],"categorize":[289],"myriad":[291],"interventions":[294,394],"available":[295],"concrete,":[297],"concise":[298],"groupings.":[299],"recommended":[302,333],"intervention,":[306],"practitioners":[309],"would":[310],"better":[313],"sense":[314],"direction":[316],"context":[319],"investigating":[321],"effectiveness":[323,362],"specific":[326],"implemented.":[328],"deem":[331],"immensely":[339],"useful":[340],"community":[345],"begin":[347],"establishing":[348],"one":[351],"important":[354],"elements":[355],"look":[357],"at.":[358],"For":[359],"example,":[360],"under":[367],"both":[368],"application":[371,374],"categories,":[375],"respectively,":[376],"relation":[378],"variable":[383],"be":[385],"further":[388],"understand":[389],"implications":[391],"nature.":[398],"And":[399],"such":[400],"studies":[401],"will":[402],"need":[403],"extend":[405],"investigation":[407],"present":[410],"by":[411],"examining":[412],"recent":[414],"studies.":[415]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
