{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416413558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-08-2025-1269","title":"Guest editorial: Esports: a multidisciplinary research perspective and future research direction","display_name":"Guest editorial: Esports: a multidisciplinary research perspective and future research direction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416413558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-08-2025-1269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/intr-08-2025-1269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-08-2025-1269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63576417","display_name":"Internet Research","issn_l":"1066-2243","issn":["1066-2243","2054-5657"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091016537","display_name":"Yue Meng-Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-4451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Meng-Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University Business School, The Open University , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University Business School, The Open University , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689485","display_name":"Hongfei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-9054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southampton Business School, University of Southampton , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southampton Business School, University of Southampton , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007383866","display_name":"Simon Chadwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-4243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51195161","display_name":"\u00c9cole de management de Lyon","ror":"https://ror.org/009gmrj52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51195161"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Chadwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emlyon Business School , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emlyon Business School , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51195161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026541475","display_name":"Sascha L. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-3604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84340266","display_name":"WHU \u2013 Otto Beisheim School of Management","ror":"https://ror.org/01yhahq71","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sascha L. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-3604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84340266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5","first_page":"1725","last_page":"1737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-approach","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audience-measurement","display_name":"Audience measurement","score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"Competitive advantage","score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragmentation","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","score":0.32510000467300415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82307848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847520","display_name":"Audience measurement","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777785971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192297","display_name":"Disruptive innovation","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118916094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207328","display_name":"Technological convergence","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91887955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362092","display_name":"Revenue model","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68991459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11700776","display_name":"Value proposition","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297812","display_name":"Club","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/intr-08-2025-1269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-08-2025-1269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63576417","display_name":"Internet Research","issn_l":"1066-2243","issn":["1066-2243","2054-5657"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:506980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-08-2025-1269>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:107422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/view/person/yml25.html;","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W2018881137","https://openalex.org/W2121923447","https://openalex.org/W2128614305","https://openalex.org/W2775609576","https://openalex.org/W2911742739","https://openalex.org/W2936587019","https://openalex.org/W3006061590","https://openalex.org/W3042818454","https://openalex.org/W3091575253","https://openalex.org/W3092119599","https://openalex.org/W3103912511","https://openalex.org/W3117302879","https://openalex.org/W3125861674","https://openalex.org/W3204042214","https://openalex.org/W4220833829","https://openalex.org/W4225550286","https://openalex.org/W4237428464","https://openalex.org/W4383650510","https://openalex.org/W4384563605","https://openalex.org/W4390378871","https://openalex.org/W4392777936","https://openalex.org/W4401988071","https://openalex.org/W4402501949","https://openalex.org/W4403888422","https://openalex.org/W4404316619","https://openalex.org/W4404861418","https://openalex.org/W4405792108","https://openalex.org/W4406283909","https://openalex.org/W4408464573","https://openalex.org/W4410740961","https://openalex.org/W4411040694","https://openalex.org/W4411235259","https://openalex.org/W4414201051"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"gaming":[1,30,233,1506,3774],"is":[2,268,315,480,484,492,509,569,784,1313,1339,1540,1581,1696,1705,2185,2233,2316,2344,2347,2405,2500,2535,2562,2633,2678,2993,3002,3019,3024,3062,3136,3144,3154,3217,3382,3585,3624,3636,3697,3903,3969,4148,4155,4216,4299,4310,4325,4414,4495,4506,4524,4548,4570],"poised":[3],"to":[4,243,257,270,300,437,486,526,540,573,760,905,932,966,1085,1105,1279,1462,1611,1681,1727,1782,1902,1940,1974,1990,2009,2047,2051,2169,2183,2244,2314,2351,2397,2464,2480,2489,2542,2682,2693,2737,2742,2748,2779,2786,2814,2895,2914,2925,2967,2984,3026,3068,3075,3121,3207,3222,3235,3268,3278,3412,3453,3519,3784,3845,3895,3971,3980,4041,4072,4093,4189,4208,4359],"become":[5,2450,3042,3236],"the":[6,98,144,160,168,204,223,265,272,296,320,349,358,365,384,399,402,410,433,474,490,497,528,532,562,629,652,665,679,695,728,741,775,799,817,833,861,881,910,919,959,992,1007,1017,1045,1102,1111,1168,1189,1224,1255,1281,1294,1298,1330,1342,1350,1368,1398,1425,1432,1463,1478,1511,1576,1582,1590,1597,1637,1663,1693,1699,1753,1833,1837,1849,1884,1887,1916,1932,1938,1947,1955,2057,2062,2070,2107,2149,2153,2158,2162,2191,2195,2229,2247,2250,2261,2302,2308,2319,2324,2342,2352,2367,2372,2385,2458,2483,2511,2583,2596,2613,2618,2670,2673,2696,2710,2723,2750,2774,2815,2850,2863,2892,2897,2950,2954,2985,3005,3015,3037,3048,3076,3126,3214,3223,3270,3325,3329,3342,3349,3410,3428,3437,3442,3500,3547,3642,3802,3872,3936,4005,4077,4175,4181,4223,4248,4303,4312,4331,4339,4361,4367,4376,4461,4474,4501,4529,4536,4551,4564,4594,4624,4634],"dominant":[7],"form":[8,1689,2859,3883],"of":[9,19,45,78,153,207,211,225,291,306,319,322,388,398,404,469,476,499,531,628,641,647,667,686,727,744,753,802,816,835,846,871,953,969,995,1028,1094,1114,1182,1213,1222,1227,1241,1284,1301,1344,1371,1400,1428,1435,1481,1503,1569,1585,1636,1691,1814,1836,1865,1918,1935,1957,1987,2027,2059,2072,2091,2152,2190,2197,2215,2220,2231,2252,2376,2380,2392,2403,2412,2420,2513,2599,2615,2637,2698,2714,2731,2754,2776,2801,2820,2860,2866,2900,2905,2989,3007,3017,3059,3080,3096,3107,3149,3157,3178,3225,3249,3285,3316,3348,3445,3499,3504,3549,3589,3805,3884,3938,4008,4063,4079,4087,4160,4177,4183,4251,4277,4282,4286,4302,4318,4333,4341,4382,4386,4391,4403,4436,4457,4491,4503,4508,4512,4528,4542,4563,4600,4636],"modern":[10],"entertainment,":[11],"with":[12,132,246,275,284,664,1431,1698,1985,2013,2363,2566,2631,2695,2703,2745,2804,2882,2927,3409,3655,4320,4550,4575],"esports":[13,64,95,103,125,169,181,208,240,298,323,337,352,389,400,428,471,500,533,575,608,648,693,701,729,783,803,838,940,1008,1029,1055,1154,1209,1228,1264,1288,1312,1331,1347,1378,1429,1504,1538,1586,1598,1720,1728,1758,1881,1903,1942,2060,2154,2170,2184,2216,2259,2315,2327,2369,2393,2448,2487,2509,2561,2586,2600,2632,2677,2755,2777,2792,2802,2874,2901,3035,3090,3143,3215,3250,3273,3309,3505,3526,3571,3591,3623,3656,3713,3735,3786,3806,3869,3934,4009,4050,4088,4103,4126,4187,4234,4252,4639],"emerging":[14,767,976],"as":[15,26,41,136,222,1167,1196,1211,1558,1669,1937,2029,2218,2467,2504,2574,2591,2688,2834,2907,3065,3111,3390,3436,3657,3669,3691,3743,3745,3879,3889,4273,4447,4449,4488,4593],"a":[16,86,178,195,303,354,393,438,465,558,570,578,624,638,644,656,724,836,842,906,936,951,1011,1025,1137,1172,1204,1381,1452,1499,1559,1768,1812,1968,1982,2348,2406,2433,2501,2679,3030,3139,3147,3173,3280,3304,3496,3658,3670,3681,3692,3890,4151,4156,4195,4300,4415,4489,4571,4641],"central":[17,1299,3221],"pillar":[18],"this":[20,79,150,220,517,745,808,963,1042,1337,1389,1417,1627,1686,1773,1952,2225,2239,2278,2306,2528,2621,2853,2910,2929,2970,3053,3185,3194,3240,4171,4178,4191],"transformation.":[21],"Experts":[22],"predict":[23],"that":[24,184,522,615,777,876,922,1054,1192,1491,1562,1578,1595,1630,1703,1999,2210,2297,2322,2345,2471,2762,2888,3023,3040,3199,3265,3339,3469,3696,3765,4124,4200],"esports\u2014defined":[25],"professional,":[27],"tournament-level":[28],"competitive":[29,232,1579,2474,3773],"(Cunningham":[31],"et":[32,91,422,455,632,827,984,987,1142,1149,1290,1357,1605,1747,1860,1928,2054,2066,2176,2358,2437,2554,2657,2958,2963,3418,3448,3563,3581,3603,3727,3809,3833,3858,3959,3963,4012,4030,4052,4111],"al.,":[33,423,456,633,985,1143,1291,1358,1748,1861,2055,2177,2658,3419,3449,3564,3582,3604,3728,3810,3834,3859,3960,3964,4013,4031,4053,4112],"2018)\u2014could":[34],"one":[35,2858,3156,4578],"day":[36],"rival":[37],"traditional":[38,67,107,133,226],"sports":[39,68,115,117,227,331,447,477,491,599,1139,4039,4637],"such":[40,135,1166,1195,2426,2544,2573,3435,4272,4592],"football":[42],"in":[43,69,209,231,255,261,279,362,374,519,557,564,774,787,850,909,975,980,1136,1207,1287,1309,1321,1329,1349,1447,1459,1488,1523,1658,2095,2179,2194,2246,2277,2443,2451,2485,2626,2669,2773,2849,2891,2909,2917,2969,3034,3044,3213,3239,3259,3266,3272,3321,3640,3644,3712,3772,3842,3893,3914,3918,4049,4170,4219,4239,4247,4269,4328,4366,4375,4400,4409,4430,4439,4460,4469,4518,4544,4587,4623,4640],"terms":[44,210],"player":[46,548,1895,3752,3823,3953,4259],"participation,":[47],"audience":[48,305,555,3825],"size":[49],"and":[50,61,72,96,116,121,127,140,164,190,193,213,235,330,343,364,407,409,419,451,482,488,494,516,551,554,593,604,684,708,713,715,719,734,765,792,824,869,887,892,914,947,956,972,1000,1021,1036,1063,1068,1092,1108,1121,1124,1133,1186,1199,1238,1249,1272,1306,1315,1323,1352,1364,1387,1403,1408,1411,1445,1450,1470,1473,1494,1508,1526,1531,1566,1592,1602,1654,1666,1671,1710,1725,1744,1779,1785,1803,1806,1816,1827,1842,1856,1863,1876,1899,1911,1921,1949,1962,1981,2005,2032,2085,2105,2120,2130,2141,2156,2172,2206,2208,2222,2235,2264,2268,2270,2273,2285,2290,2326,2332,2374,2389,2399,2415,2423,2430,2453,2495,2506,2515,2524,2532,2550,2577,2612,2647,2651,2654,2735,2756,2764,2768,2817,2831,2870,2886,2921,2931,2941,2947,2961,2980,3009,3102,3116,3133,3151,3162,3181,3204,3209,3220,3253,3294,3299,3302,3328,3345,3353,3357,3361,3364,3368,3372,3375,3400,3431,3441,3458,3466,3486,3506,3517,3522,3530,3546,3551,3555,3559,3574,3596,3616,3621,3632,3651,3660,3664,3676,3679,3702,3709,3722,3740,3754,3763,3770,3780,3793,3824,3829,3853,3875,3897,3906,3922,3926,3946,3948,3954,3977,3988,4004,4020,4046,4060,4067,4075,4082,4090,4099,4108,4144,4165,4180,4206,4211,4235,4241,4256,4261,4290,4293,4309,4344,4349,4356,4363,4406,4421,4428,4441,4444,4451,4465,4478,4483,4494,4526,4533,4560,4580,4584,4589,4606,4609,4638],"revenue":[51],"generation":[52],"(Scholz,":[53],"2019).":[54],"With":[55,381,2097,2329],"rapidly":[56,431,2299,4642],"expanding":[57,507],"audiences,":[58,1388],"institutional":[59],"support":[60,666],"cultural":[62,552,1064,1567,3675,3703,3708,3741,4161,4466],"relevance,":[63,1123],"now":[65,335,2461,2563],"rivals":[66],"economic":[70,1565,2478,2490,3578,3647,3661,4163],"impact":[71,498,2071,3868,4340],"societal":[73,1877,4212],"presence.":[74,1405],"Yet,":[75],"scholarly":[76],"understanding":[77,468,627,968,1280,3498,3641],"phenomenon":[80,2727,3039,3672],"remains":[81,3533],"fragmented":[82,926],"across":[83,187,514,703,1024,1075,1269,2457,3297,3341,3415,3984,4141,4500],"disciplines,":[84,515],"lacking":[85],"unified":[87,179,3281],"conceptual":[88,145,621,3295,3399,4139],"foundation.":[89],"Cranmer":[90],"al.":[92,828,1150,1929,2067,2359,2438,2555,2959,2964],"(2021)":[93],"redefined":[94],"proposed":[97],"\u201cEsports":[99],"Matrix\u201d,":[100],"which":[101,770,1261,2486,2546,2953,3082,3396,3645,3915,4514],"categorises":[102],"into":[104,392,619,1110,1158,1442,1718,1873,1893,2366,3553,3719],"four":[105],"realms:":[106],"game":[108,1058,1620,1664,1683,2011,2019,2036,2045],"experience,":[109],"digitally":[110],"enhanced":[111],"sports,":[112,134],"immersive":[113,1517,1734,1796,3078,4026],"reality":[114,2766],"digitalisation.":[118],"Similarly,":[119,2383],"Jeong":[120],"Youk":[122],"(2023)":[123],"refined":[124],"definitions":[126],"highlighted":[128,3320],"its":[129,247,1117,2333,2757,3226],"shared":[130],"elements":[131,2800,2885],"institutionalisation,":[137],"industry":[138,3489],"involvement":[139],"contingent":[141],"problems.":[142],"Addressing":[143],"fragmentation":[146,513,536,3271],"these":[147,173,617,758,1048,1076,1217,2787,3246,3757,4115],"studies":[148,521,780,3536,3706,3817,4034,4056],"highlight,":[149],"special":[151,459,566,635,746,2226,2240,2279,2622,2854,2911,2971,3186,3323,4172,4192],"issue":[152,460,636,2227,2241,2280,2623,2636,2855,3187,4173,4193],"Internet":[154,4274],"Research":[155,3524,3861,4307],"presents":[156,2875,2936],"multidisciplinary":[157,439,503,579,588,657],"research":[158,186,426,576,609,649,673,680,702,768,810,1276,1334,1573,1713,2023,2181,2232,3243,3298,3318,3337,3387,3391,3493,3566,3731,3930,4117,4127,4231,4336],"on":[159,427,561,678,773,812,853,939,1341,1465,1498,1623,1763,1994,2088,2281,2440,2559,2602,2641,2857,2977,3525,3707,3818,4065,4114,4233,4338,4346,4426],"governance,":[161,547,3251],"technological":[162,550,2715,3866,4166,4210],"innovation":[163,1834,2845],"consumer":[165,1307,1393,1570,1599,2806,2829,3254],"dynamics":[166,1283,3576,3701,3758,3804,3828],"shaping":[167,1310,4633],"ecosystem.":[170,534,1332],"To":[171],"integrate":[172,1106],"diverse":[174,596,672,3686,4116],"insights,":[175],"we":[176,690,771,2236,2257,2355,3099,3196,3231,3275,3333],"propose":[177,691],"multilayered":[180,4158],"framework":[182,1083,1454,3263],"(UMEF)":[183],"maps":[185,1044],"macro,":[188,3343,4142],"meso,":[189],"micro":[191,716,1885,2271,2951,3054,3346,4145],"levels":[192,759,1980,2007,3164,3347],"offers":[194,1451,3680,4194],"roadmap":[196,4196],"for":[197,348,372,545,804,1455,1707,1741,1879,2044,2310,2341,2510,2521,2537,2664,2733,2795,2838,2939,3004,3128,3200,3219,3308,3627,3683,3694,3800,4084,4197,4531,4553,4632],"future":[198,607,736,1800,2775,3386,3492,3816,4198,4635],"inquiry.The":[199],"last":[200,2303],"decade":[201],"has":[202,390,429,2449,3041,3403,3567,3673,4266,4372,4454],"witnessed":[203],"explosive":[205],"growth":[206],"viewership":[212],"revenue.":[214],"The":[215,238,288,1051,1333,1809,2038,2109,2145,2760,2798,2903,2973,3071,3160,3289,4168,4315,4509],"COVID-19":[216],"pandemic":[217],"further":[218,3471],"accelerated":[219,880],"expansion,":[221],"absence":[224],"fuelled":[228],"mainstream":[229,394,2610],"interest":[230,3639],"(Ke":[234,3808],"Wagner,":[236],"2022).":[237,424,3605,3811],"global":[239,273,395,793,2473,2533,2603,3646,3671,3720,3767,4445,4462],"market":[241,274,2752,3827],"continues":[242,2681,3452,4188],"grow":[244],"rapidly,":[245,508],"value":[248,912,954,1327,1443,1594,1740,4182],"rising":[249,1118],"from":[250,478,502,595,655,930,1414,1645,1651,1845,2740,3192,3312,3515,4038,4499],"approximately":[251],"2.3":[252],"billion":[253,259,277],"USD":[254,260,278],"2023":[256],"2.8":[258],"2024.":[262],"By":[263],"2025,":[264],"United":[266,4228],"States":[267],"projected":[269],"lead":[271],"1.3":[276],"revenue,":[280],"followed":[281],"by":[282,324,512,751,1130,1147,1230,1362,1544,1549,1731,1759,1869,1926,2018,2064,2709,2722,2846,2956,3172,3384,3433,3699,3998],"China":[283],"537":[285],"million":[286,308],"USD.":[287],"2024":[289],"League":[290],"Legends":[292],"World":[293],"Championship":[294],"became":[295],"most-watched":[297],"event":[299,328,356,1354,4464],"date,":[301],"attracting":[302],"peak":[304],"6.86":[307],"concurrent":[309],"viewers":[310],"(Clement,":[311],"2025).":[312,3965],"Meanwhile,":[313,2123],"there":[314,568,1704,2499,3584,3968],"increasing":[316,1103,2597,3638],"official":[317],"recognition":[318,3423],"significance":[321],"societies,":[325],"governments,":[326],"international":[327,1163,2531,3407,3509,4242,4404,4410,4443],"organisers":[329,1035],"policymakers.":[332],"Numerous":[333],"universities":[334],"offer":[336,1738,2041,2048],"education":[338,345],"programs":[339],"at":[340,357,899,1293,1377,1397,1915,1959,1978,2002,2260,2949,3052,3424,3870,4222,4330,4535,4556],"bachelor's,":[341],"master's":[342],"executive":[344],"levels.":[346,1964,4146],"Moreover,":[347],"first":[350,366],"time,":[351,924,3050],"were":[353,662,675],"medal":[355],"2022":[359],"Asian":[360,1169,2584,3429],"Games":[361],"China,":[363],"Olympic":[367,3439,3443],"Esports":[368,848,3351,3688,3909,4147,4319],"Games,":[369,2585,3430],"originally":[370],"planned":[371],"2027":[373],"Saudi":[375],"Arabia,":[376],"are":[377,523,1071,1156,1267,1325,1395,1913,2287,2379,2428,2460,2477,2540,2547,2588,2707,2944,3170,3798,4201,4438],"currently":[378,2634,4486],"under":[379,1336],"review.":[380],"continuous":[382],"growth,":[383,2491],"former":[385,2974],"\u201cniche":[386],"market\u201d":[387],"transformed":[391,473,1157],"phenomenon.The":[396],"boom":[397],"industry,":[401],"interconnectedness":[403],"multiple":[405,1013,1415,1500,1979,3513],"platforms":[406,1233,3807],"media,":[408],"complex":[411,542,2549,3260,3464,4431],"relationships":[412,928,2015],"between":[413,889,944,1246,2609,3944],"different":[414,3985],"stakeholders":[415],"posit":[416],"various":[417,1846],"opportunities":[418,3783],"challenges":[420,1575,2321,2368,2697,2706,2938,3724],"(Meng-Lewis":[421],"Academic":[425],"expanded":[430],"over":[432,923,1787,2301],"past":[434],"decade,":[435],"growing":[436,3422],"academic":[440,2180],"field":[441,630,3022,4179],"involving":[442,1384],"media":[443,601,1184,1271,1770],"studies,":[444,602,2289],"informatics,":[445],"business,":[446],"science,":[448,600],"sociology,":[449],"law":[450],"cognitive":[452,1624,4021,4044],"science":[453],"(Reitman":[454],"2020).":[457,3420,4054],"This":[458,535,721,1078,1252,1275,1438,1534,1572,1712,1839,1965,2022,2409,2594,2726,2878,3606],"aims":[461],"at,":[462],"firstly,":[463],"providing":[464],"more":[466,583,625,3031,3237,4576],"comprehensive":[467,626,3497],"how":[470,489,782,1153,1263,1311,1319,1392,1420,1537,1613,1719,1733,1908,2396,2413,2446,2560,2741,2783,2791,2867,3098,3206,3474,3508,3590,3609,3614,3622,3734,3746,3819,3847,3865,3933,3973],"have":[472,896,2211,2298,3839],"nature":[475,530,994,2391,2899,3079,4007],"what":[479,2821,2928,2932],"involved":[481,485,1657],"who":[483,2539],"where":[487,1485,3899],"staged,":[493],"secondly,":[495],"examining":[496,3801],"development":[501,815,2469,3011,3532,3937,4250],"perspectives.Esports":[504],"research,":[505,3274],"while":[506,581,877,1066,1830,3013],"still":[510,3586],"marked":[511],"results":[518],"isolated":[520],"not":[524,1542,1643,3145,3189,3404,4129,4149],"able":[525],"capture":[527],"holistic":[529,725,3282],"limits":[537],"our":[538,565,668,687,967,3322],"ability":[539],"address":[541,2418,3269,3483,3538,4360],"issues,":[543,3543],"including,":[544],"example,":[546,2796],"health,":[549,4069],"impacts,":[553],"engagement,":[556,1587,1797],"cohesive":[559,620],"manner.Building":[560],"discussion":[563],"issue,":[567,747,2912,3324],"critical":[571],"need":[572,1104,2309,2894,3277],"advance":[574],"through":[577,694,841,866,935,1520,2747,2873,3577,3685],"lens":[580,1383],"fostering":[582],"holistic,":[584],"interdisciplinary":[585,613,732,3331,4184],"approaches.":[586,4185],"A":[587],"perspective":[589],"brings":[590],"together":[591],"expertise":[592,4437],"insights":[594,618,1441,1717,1872,1892,2168,2365,3718],"fields,":[597],"including":[598,1031,1097,1176,1848,3427,3473,3777,3995,4254,4380],"business":[603,818,839,857,1062,1090,4450],"others.":[605,4397],"However,":[606],"should":[610,3537,3862,4057],"adopt":[611,4036],"an":[612,1126,2030,2187,2338,2635,2684,3020,3313,3880,3912,4470],"approach":[614],"integrates":[616],"frameworks,":[622,814],"enabling":[623],"(Pizzo":[631],"2022).This":[634],"received":[637],"substantial":[639],"number":[640,2196],"submissions":[642,3191],"covering":[643],"wide":[645,1026],"range":[646,1027],"topics,":[650],"addressing":[651,2395,3057],"identified":[653,2001],"gaps":[654,3319,3462],"perspective.":[658],"Nine":[659],"full-length":[660],"articles":[661,750,2292,4169],"selected":[663,749,1888],"anonymous":[669],"reviewers.":[670],"Methodologically,":[671],"methods":[674,4358],"employed.":[676],"Based":[677,1497],"themes,":[681,769],"key":[682,1794],"theories":[683,3797],"findings":[685,1052,1190,1810,2039,2146,2165,3327],"SI":[688],"articles,":[689,4582],"conceptualising":[692],"UMEF":[696,699,756,3290],"(Figure":[697],"1).The":[698],"structures":[700,3476],"three":[704,761,1514,3247,4455],"interconnected":[705],"levels\u2014macro":[706],"(governance":[707],"institutions),":[709],"meso":[710,1295,2266,2619,3163,3344,4143],"(organisational":[711],"practices":[712,1070,3714,3764],"technologies)":[714],"(individual":[717],"behaviours":[718,3856],"identities).":[720],"model":[722,1852],"provides":[723,1440,1715,2361,3303],"view":[726,2258,3283],"ecosystem,":[730,819],"encouraging":[731],"connections":[733],"guiding":[735],"inquiry.":[737],"It":[738,1100,1317],"also":[739,1219,1548,1650,1831,2040,2520,2945,3155,3637,3863,4017,4137],"reflects":[740],"editorial":[742,4401],"structure":[743,3293,3503],"grouping":[748],"level":[752,1296],"practice.":[754],"Additionally,":[755],"links":[757],"core":[762],"practical":[763,2255,3300],"domains":[764,3301,3844],"six":[766,3335],"elaborate":[772],"sections":[776],"follow.The":[778],"macro-level":[779,2288],"highlight":[781,2293],"increasingly":[785,2336,3881],"embedded":[786],"public":[788,1119,1819,2629],"policy,":[789,3479],"national":[790,825,1159,1200,1214,1247,2567,2592,3554,3595],"branding":[791,1286,1528,1897,2579,3978],"governance":[794,3408,3475,3502,3650],"debates.":[795],"Together,":[796],"they":[797,1678,1906,2822,2842,3066,3169],"demonstrate":[798,2157,4174],"strategic":[800,915,1205],"importance":[801],"state":[805,2414],"actors.":[806],"Under":[807],"theme,":[809],"focuses":[811,2856,4232,4337,4425],"regulatory":[813,3461,3539],"corporate":[820,996,1002,2282],"social":[821,997,1183,1495,1769,2283,3901,3920,3939,4364],"responsibility,":[822],"sustainability":[823],"branding.Li":[826],"(2025)":[829,989,1151,1366,1607,1750,1930,2068,2439,2556,2965],"Scelles'":[830],"study":[831,845,862,964,1015,1043,1079,1253,1277,1390,1418,1439,1502,1512,1535,1574,1628,1714,1751,1774,1840,1966,2024],"explores":[832,991,1152,1367,4629],"evolution":[834],"government-led":[837,1236],"ecosystem":[840,858,970],"longitudinal":[843],"case":[844,1014,1501],"Zhongxian":[847],"Town":[849],"China.":[851],"Drawing":[852,1622,1945],"Moore's":[854],"(1993)":[855],"four-stage":[856],"lifecycle":[859],"model,":[860],"collected":[863],"qualitative":[864,1012,1174,4357],"data":[865,1413,1771],"semi-structured":[867,1187,1972],"interviews":[868,1973],"analysis":[870,1181,1791,3315],"secondary":[872],"documents.":[873],"Findings":[874,1997],"reveal":[875,1053,1811,1975],"government":[878,890,1193],"policy":[879,2221,2452,4440],"ecosystem's":[882,960],"formation,":[883,2862],"overly":[884],"ambitious":[885],"goals":[886],"misalignment":[888],"strategies":[891,4071,4631],"commercial":[893,1122],"stakeholder":[894,927,973],"expectations":[895,1875,4003],"created":[897],"tensions":[898,1245,1421,2608],"early":[900,4519],"stages.":[901],"These":[902,942,3460,3812],"discrepancies":[903],"led":[904],"necessary":[907],"shift":[908],"town's":[911],"proposition":[913],"reorientation.":[916],"In":[917,2432,3966],"addition,":[918,2552],"authors":[920,1018],"observed":[921],"previously":[925],"evolved":[929],"conflict":[931],"cooperation,":[933],"particularly":[934,979,1057,4468],"renewed":[937],"focus":[938,1335,1427],"education.":[941],"partnerships":[943],"educational":[945],"institutions":[946],"training":[948,4000],"centres":[949],"illustrate":[950,1907,2968],"process":[952,1786,2879],"co-creation":[955,1240,3943],"coopetition,":[957],"supporting":[958],"sustainability.":[961],"Theoretically,":[962],"contributes":[965,1278,1726,2488],"co-evolution":[971],"alignment":[974],"digital":[977,1003,1087,1098,1138,1345,1401,3630,3820,3981,4152,4237,4368,4644],"clusters,":[978],"non-Western":[981],"contexts":[982,3750],"(Li":[983],"2025).Kolyperas":[986],"al.\u2019s":[988,1606],"article":[990,1145,1360,1476,1608,1924,2063],"evolving":[993,1282,1369,3021,4643],"responsibility":[998,1004,1088,2284],"(CSR)":[999],"introduces":[1001,1254,2982],"(CDR)":[1005],"within":[1006,3124,3193,3952,4102,4133],"industry.":[1009,2248],"Using":[1010,1767],"design,":[1016,2099],"analysed":[1019],"CSR":[1020,1067,1082,1107,1132,2312,3550],"CDR":[1022,1069,1109,1134,3552],"activities":[1023],"organisations,":[1030,1056,3794],"publishers,":[1032,1059],"teams,":[1033],"tournament":[1034],"governing":[1037,2690,3520],"bodies.":[1038],"Through":[1039,2570],"content":[1040],"analysis,":[1041],"multidimensional":[1046],"roles":[1047,2761],"actors":[1049],"play.":[1050],"exercise":[1060],"humanitarian,":[1061],"influence,":[1065],"often":[1072,2386,2530,2548,4035],"fluid,":[1073],"adapting":[1074],"domains.":[1077,1274],"extended":[1080],"Carroll's":[1081],"(1979)":[1084],"include":[1086],"alongside":[1089],"performance":[1091,3016,4045],"modes":[1093],"responsiveness":[1095],"dimensions,":[1096],"issues.":[1099,3108],"highlights":[1101,2595,2624],"routine":[1112],"operations":[1113],"esports,":[1115,1460,2202,2990,3081,3125],"given":[1116,2318,2384],"profile":[1120],"makes":[1125],"original":[1127],"theoretical":[1128],"contribution":[1129],"bridging":[1131],"literatures":[1135],"context":[1140,2534],"(Kolyperas":[1141],"2024).The":[1144,1359],"co-authored":[1146,1361],"Su":[1148,2553,3962],"athletes":[1155,1210,2587,3018],"brand":[1160,2139,3619],"symbols":[1161],"during":[1162,2580,4023],"multisport":[1164],"events":[1165,2581],"Games.":[1170],"Adopting":[1171],"multi-method":[1173],"approach,":[1175,1772,1970],"netnographic":[1177,1409],"observations,":[1178],"semiotic":[1179],"visual":[1180,1201,2110],"posts":[1185],"interviews,":[1188],"show":[1191],"policies,":[1194],"real-name":[1197,2575],"regulations":[1198],"symbolism,":[1202],"play":[1203,1580,2772,2999,3029],"role":[1206,1300,3033],"legitimising":[1208],"representatives":[1212],"identity.":[1215],"Nevertheless,":[1216],"changes":[1218],"create":[1220,2398,2869],"risks":[1221,3485],"diluting":[1223],"subcultural":[1225,2616],"authenticity":[1226,1591],"valued":[1229],"fans.":[1231],"Digital":[1232,4220,4625],"enable":[1234],"both":[1235,1742,2117,2128,2291,2323,2918,3179,3292,3398,3871,4354],"agenda-setting":[1237],"fan-driven":[1239],"athlete":[1242,1285],"brands,":[1243],"revealing":[1244],"visibility":[1248,2601],"individual":[1250,1894,3158],"expression.":[1251],"Polycatalytic":[1256],"Athlete":[1257],"Brand":[1258],"Transformation":[1259],"Model,":[1260],"conceptualises":[1262],"athletes'":[1265],"identities":[1266],"shaped":[1268,1396,1541],"state,":[1270],"fan":[1273,3975,4262],"(Su":[1289],"2025).Research":[1292],"underscores":[1297],"hybrid":[1302,1375,1457],"experiences,":[1303,2841,3826],"platform":[1304,3649,3662,3682,3830],"design":[1305,2171],"technologies":[1308,2767,2788,2825,3084],"produced":[1314],"consumed.":[1316],"reveals":[1318,1419,1536],"innovations":[1320,1866,3831],"interactivity":[1322,2655],"immersion":[1324,1402],"redefining":[1326],"creation":[1328,1444],"theme":[1338,3379],"centred":[1340],"integration":[1343,3548,4140],"technologies,":[1346,3776],"adaptation":[1348],"metaverse":[1351,1757,1880],"phygital":[1353,1448,1466],"experiences":[1355,1373,1394,1458,1600,1736,2050,2645,3787],"(Heidemann":[1356],"Baudet":[1363],"Parmentier":[1365],"concept":[1370,1480,1561],"\u201cphygital\u201d":[1372],"(or":[1374],"experiences)":[1376],"tournaments.":[1379],"Taking":[1380],"triadic":[1382],"producers,":[1385],"performers":[1386,1430],"investigates":[1391,1752],"intersection":[1399,1917],"physical":[1404,1436,4068,4095],"Employing":[1406],"ethnographic":[1407],"approaches":[1410,2313,3838,4083],"using":[1412,1971],"sources,":[1416],"arise":[1422],"when":[1423,1677],"reconciling":[1424],"virtual":[1426,1615,1647,1723,2765],"sensory":[1433],"demands":[1434],"audiences.":[1437],"destruction":[1446],"spaces":[1449],"novel":[1453,1871],"managing":[1456,3014,4085,4429],"contributing":[1461],"literature":[1464,1730],"customer":[1467],"experience":[1468,1483,1722,3095,4458],"(Baudet":[1469,2646],"Parmentier,":[1471,2648],"2025).Brock":[1472],"Crawford\u2019s":[1474],"(2024)":[1475,2360,2960],"examines":[1477,1954,2069],"broader":[1479,2864,3330,3594],"\u201cesports":[1482],"economy\u201d,":[1484],"consumers":[1486,2835,3150],"engage":[1487,3917],"experiential":[1489,1515,2799,2883,2922],"consumption":[1490,1539,1724],"expresses":[1492],"identity":[1493,1708,2568,2861,2872,2919,3753,3942],"meaning.":[1496],"tournaments,":[1505],"products":[1507],"esportswear":[1509],"fashion,":[1510],"identifies":[1513,1792],"characteristics:":[1516],"spectacles,":[1518],"self-work":[1519],"product":[1521,2816,2884,3010],"customisation":[1522],"online":[1524,3919],"communities":[1525,2868,3956],"lifestyle":[1527,3950],"via":[1529],"fashion":[1530],"symbolic":[1532,1593,2578],"affiliation.":[1533],"only":[1543,2134,3166,4130],"personal":[1545,3060],"engagement":[1546,1912,2174,2217,2630],"but":[1547,1649,2519,2782,4136],"macro-level,":[1550],"market-driven":[1551],"processes.":[1552],"\u201cExperiential":[1553],"consumption\u201d":[1554],"can":[1555,1688,1737,2242,3165,3477,3592,3689,3715,3759,3814,3886],"be":[1556,2683,2780,2915,3887,4106,4516],"understood":[1557],"meso-level":[1560],"bridges":[1563],"psychological,":[1564],"dimensions":[1568,2479,2819,2943],"behaviour.":[1571],"assumption":[1577],"primary":[1583],"driver":[1584],"highlighting":[1588,1732,1818],"instead":[1589,3284],"shape":[1596,2828,3618,3751,3822],"(Brock":[1601],"Crawford,":[1603,2652],"2024).Hwang":[1604],"uses":[1609,1855],"experiments":[1610],"examine":[1612,3972,4058],"interactive":[1614],"shopping":[1616,1735],"(IVS)":[1617],"affects":[1618],"players'":[1619,1634,1943,1995,2010,2142,2173,2978],"enjoyment.":[1621],"appraisal":[1625],"theory,":[1626],"finds":[1629],"IVS":[1631],"significantly":[1632,2016,2112],"enhances":[1633],"enjoyment":[1635,1674],"game.":[1638],"Players":[1639],"derive":[1640],"emotional":[1641,4047],"satisfaction":[1642,1910],"just":[1644,3146,4150],"buying":[1646],"items":[1648],"their":[1652,1667,1673,1682,1992,2086],"decision-making":[1653],"evaluation":[1655],"processes":[1656],"shopping.":[1659],"When":[1660],"players":[1661,1721,1743,1958,1989,2052,3516,3916],"perceive":[1662],"environment":[1665,3913],"avatars":[1668],"realistic":[1670],"relatable,":[1672],"increases,":[1675],"especially":[1676,2687,3064],"feel":[1679,3101],"attached":[1680],"characters.":[1684],"Interestingly,":[1685],"attachment":[1687],"regardless":[1690],"whether":[1692,2676,2991],"character's":[1694],"gender":[1695],"congruent":[1697],"player's":[1700],"own,":[1701],"suggesting":[1702],"room":[1706],"exploration":[1709,3588],"inclusivity.":[1711],"new":[1716,3083],"marketing":[1729,1920,4240,4362],"real":[1739],"brands":[1745],"(Hwang":[1746,2656],"2025).Mahmoud\u2019s":[1749],"public's":[1754],"beliefs":[1755,2642,3852],"about":[1756,2675],"analysing":[1760],"user-generated":[1761],"comments":[1762],"popular":[1764,1933,3882],"YouTube":[1765],"videos.":[1766],"employed":[1775],"machine":[1776],"learning":[1777],"techniques":[1778],"Python":[1780],"programming":[1781],"collect,":[1783],"clean":[1784],"40,000":[1788],"comments.":[1789],"Thematic":[1790],"five":[1793],"themes:":[1795],"technical":[1798],"constraints,":[1799],"possibilities,":[1801],"cost":[1802],"inclusivity":[1804,3684,3695,3771],"barriers":[1805,3611],"health":[1807,1828,3993,4098],"considerations.":[1808],"mix":[1813],"excitement":[1815],"scepticism,":[1817],"concerns":[1820],"around":[1821],"user":[1822,1874,3851],"comfort,":[1823],"toxicity,":[1824],"financial":[1825,3600,3610],"accessibility":[1826],"risks,":[1829],"recognising":[1832],"potential":[1835,2254,3127],"metaverse.":[1838],"critiques":[1841],"extends":[1843],"assumptions":[1844],"models,":[1847],"technology":[1850,3252,3792],"acceptance":[1851],"(Davis,":[1853],"1989),":[1854],"gratifications":[1857],"theory":[1858],"(Katz":[1859],"1974)":[1862],"diffusion":[1864],"(Rogers,":[1867],"2010),":[1868],"offering":[1870],"readiness":[1878],"(Mahmoud,":[1882,2643],"2025).At":[1883],"level,":[1886,2307,2620,2952,3056],"papers":[1889,2955],"provide":[1890,2660,3495,3716,3911],"deep":[1891],"motivations,":[1896],"effects":[1898,1993,2090,4062]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}
