{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039230748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-06-2018-0284","title":"The alternatives to being silent: exploring opinion expression avoidance strategies for discussing politics on Facebook","display_name":"The alternatives to being silent: exploring opinion expression avoidance strategies for discussing politics on Facebook","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039230748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-06-2018-0284","mag":"3039230748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/intr-06-2018-0284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-06-2018-0284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63576417","display_name":"Internet Research","issn_l":"1066-2243","issn":["1066-2243","2054-5657"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061579121","display_name":"Tai-Yee Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tai-Yee Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication Studies, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-1886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication Studies, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862638","display_name":"Xiaowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-5280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110678235","display_name":"Butler University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq3a412","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Strategic Communication, College of Communication, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Strategic Communication, College of Communication, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062277191","display_name":"David Atkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-597X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Atkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061579121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93315109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"1709","last_page":"1729"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissenting-opinion","display_name":"Dissenting opinion","score":0.8426823616027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6513608694076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","score":0.5995574593544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.5977209210395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.589081883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5699475407600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5192280411720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48945796489715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"Public opinion","score":0.4758167862892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.46372172236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.44747987389564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.4414314925670624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opinion-leadership","display_name":"Opinion leadership","score":0.4373423457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4253010153770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.3750162124633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.1776384711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16645550727844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11595809459686279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56617239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092720","display_name":"Dissenting opinion","level":2,"score":0.8426823616027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6513608694076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.5995574593544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5977209210395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.589081883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5699475407600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5192280411720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48945796489715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.4758167862892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.46372172236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.44747987389564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4414314925670624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139268390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1850904","display_name":"Opinion leadership","level":2,"score":0.4373423457145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4253010153770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3750162124633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.1776384711265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16645550727844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11595809459686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/intr-06-2018-0284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-06-2018-0284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63576417","display_name":"Internet Research","issn_l":"1066-2243","issn":["1066-2243","2054-5657"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.butler.edu:ccom_papers-1262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ccom_papers/262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401403","display_name":"Digital Commons @ Butler University (Butler University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110678235","host_organization_name":"Butler University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110678235"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141430544","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W1895760375","https://openalex.org/W1968366864","https://openalex.org/W1977798676","https://openalex.org/W1978457872","https://openalex.org/W1981018178","https://openalex.org/W1987258130","https://openalex.org/W2006062848","https://openalex.org/W2008043771","https://openalex.org/W2010512215","https://openalex.org/W2026003563","https://openalex.org/W2029548332","https://openalex.org/W2045749023","https://openalex.org/W2046730177","https://openalex.org/W2048149117","https://openalex.org/W2053313178","https://openalex.org/W2063178644","https://openalex.org/W2070397226","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2075528760","https://openalex.org/W2088135512","https://openalex.org/W2094677379","https://openalex.org/W2097661173","https://openalex.org/W2099556653","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100191568","https://openalex.org/W2100550293","https://openalex.org/W2103591548","https://openalex.org/W2104290261","https://openalex.org/W2105828903","https://openalex.org/W2105973716","https://openalex.org/W2111900853","https://openalex.org/W2118772509","https://openalex.org/W2131994649","https://openalex.org/W2141029538","https://openalex.org/W2143734086","https://openalex.org/W2150176231","https://openalex.org/W2153461090","https://openalex.org/W2162148411","https://openalex.org/W2163504599","https://openalex.org/W2167455250","https://openalex.org/W2237011670","https://openalex.org/W2290259776","https://openalex.org/W2309344406","https://openalex.org/W2326657680","https://openalex.org/W2332199949","https://openalex.org/W2509045438","https://openalex.org/W2509064206","https://openalex.org/W2539341390","https://openalex.org/W2584592970","https://openalex.org/W2588479716","https://openalex.org/W2736688175","https://openalex.org/W2738631746","https://openalex.org/W2745560108","https://openalex.org/W2774765859","https://openalex.org/W2783571795","https://openalex.org/W3025865296","https://openalex.org/W3121217189","https://openalex.org/W3121501521","https://openalex.org/W4235004524","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4238711567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207284869","https://openalex.org/W4365519340","https://openalex.org/W2379868853","https://openalex.org/W2384273551","https://openalex.org/W2624712480","https://openalex.org/W4390535258","https://openalex.org/W2123347297","https://openalex.org/W2977256874","https://openalex.org/W2944976749","https://openalex.org/W1981820231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"This":[1,170,272],"study":[2,171],"integrates":[3],"the":[4,23,34,129,134,160,173,205,216,221,228,243,250],"spiral":[5],"of":[6,12,36,52,90,123,128,145,159,176,195,204,211,223,242,246,252,280,290],"silence":[7],"(SoS)":[8],"theory":[9,11,213],"and":[10,56,115,125,147,214,270],"planned":[13],"behavior":[14],"(TPB)":[15],"by":[16,288],"examining":[17],"Facebook":[18,96],"users'":[19],"opinion":[20,54,91,150,186,196,285],"expression":[21,55,151,286],"avoidance,":[22],"reactions":[24],"to":[25,100,112,121,131,136,162,181,189,261,282],"dissenting":[26,190],"views":[27],"without":[28],"revealing":[29],"one's":[30],"true":[31,185],"opinion,":[32],"in":[33,187,198,231],"context":[35],"political":[37],"discussions.":[38],"The":[39,85,98],"present":[40],"integrative":[41],"approach":[42],"provides":[43],"a":[44,81,166],"more":[45,259],"comprehensive":[46],"framework":[47],"that":[48,178,248],"expands":[49],"our":[50,193],"understanding":[51,194],"online":[53,61],"withdrawal.":[57],"Design/methodology/approach":[58],"A":[59],"cross-sectional":[60],"survey":[62],"was":[63],"employed,":[64],"which":[65],"rendered":[66],"348":[67],"valid":[68],"responses":[69],"from":[70,80,94],"US":[71],"college":[72],"students":[73],"(61.5%":[74],"female;":[75],"average":[76],"age":[77],"19.11)":[78],"recruited":[79],"northeastern":[82],"university.":[83],"Findings":[84],"results":[86],"categorized":[87],"two":[88,244],"sets":[89,245],"avoidance":[92,103,139,152,257,266],"strategies":[93,247],"six":[95],"features.":[97],"intention":[99,135,236],"adopt":[101,180],"\u201cproactive":[102],"strategies\u201d":[104,140],"(filtering":[105],"out":[106],"unwanted":[107],"information)":[108],"is":[109,258],"positively":[110],"related":[111,120],"descriptive":[113],"norms":[114],"perceived":[116,126,157,224],"self-efficacy,":[117],"but":[118,237],"negatively":[119],"fear":[122,144,289],"isolation":[124,146],"control":[127,158,226],"urge":[130,161],"debate.":[132],"Regarding":[133],"employ":[137],"\u201creactive":[138],"(less":[141],"obtrusive":[142],"articulations),":[143],"attitudes":[148],"toward":[149],"are":[153],"positive":[154],"determinants,":[155],"whereas":[156],"debate":[163],"again":[164],"exerts":[165],"negative":[167],"influence.":[168],"Originality/value":[169],"examines":[172],"growing":[174],"variety":[175],"features":[177],"users":[179],"avoid":[182,284],"expressing":[183],"their":[184],"reacting":[188],"views,":[191],"updating":[192],"circumvention":[197],"social":[199],"media":[200],"environment.":[201],"As":[202],"one":[203],"few":[206],"theoretically":[207],"driven":[208],"empirical":[209],"investigations":[210],"SoS":[212],"TPB,":[215],"findings":[217],"not":[218],"only":[219],"elucidate":[220],"significance":[222],"behavioral":[225],"as":[227],"common":[229],"ground":[230],"association":[232],"with":[233],"user":[234,268],"adoption":[235],"also":[238,275],"identify":[239,277],"distinct":[240],"qualities":[241],"affect":[249],"likelihood":[251],"adoption.":[253],"That":[254],"is,":[255],"proactive":[256],"susceptible":[260],"normative":[262],"influences,":[263],"while":[264],"reactive":[265],"reflects":[267],"attitude":[269],"belief.":[271],"theoretical":[273],"integration":[274],"helps":[276],"diverse":[278],"levels":[279],"intentions":[281],"strategically":[283],"influenced":[287],"isolation.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}