{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047459457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-11-2019-0638","title":"When predictors of outcomes are necessary: guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA","display_name":"When predictors of outcomes are necessary: guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047459457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-11-2019-0638","mag":"3047459457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/imds-11-2019-0638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-11-2019-0638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37320504","display_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","issn_l":"0263-5577","issn":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/992c171d-8944-4fb9-b552-29baea703ede","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084298932","display_name":"Nicole Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-176X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Franziska Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036937160","display_name":"Sandra Schubring","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Schubring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033881821","display_name":"Sven Hauff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-4533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Hauff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087109003","display_name":"Christian M. Ringle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-8804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian M. Ringle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053369574","display_name":"Marko Sarstedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Sarstedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084298932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":59.0085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":499,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99863833,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"12","first_page":"2243","last_page":"2267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9168000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3853496015071869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.329212486743927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3853496015071869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.329212486743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/imds-11-2019-0638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-11-2019-0638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37320504","display_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","issn_l":"0263-5577","issn":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire/992c171d-8944-4fb9-b552-29baea703ede","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/992c171d-8944-4fb9-b552-29baea703ede","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400424","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Richter, N F, Schubing, S, Hauff, S, Ringle, C M & Sarstedt, M 2020, 'When predictors of outcomes are necessary : Guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA', Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 120, no. 12, pp. 2243-2267. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0638","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:publications/992c171d-8944-4fb9-b552-29baea703ede","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01492063221088235","pdf_url":"https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/171889276/Manuscript_accepted_version.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400424","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Richter, N F, Schubing, S, Hauff, S, Ringle, C M & Sarstedt, M 2020, 'When predictors of outcomes are necessary : Guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA', Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 120, no. 12, pp. 2243-2267. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0638","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire/992c171d-8944-4fb9-b552-29baea703ede","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/992c171d-8944-4fb9-b552-29baea703ede","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400424","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Richter, N F, Schubing, S, Hauff, S, Ringle, C M & Sarstedt, M 2020, 'When predictors of outcomes are necessary : Guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA', Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 120, no. 12, pp. 2243-2267. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0638","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181628095","https://openalex.org/W1531742715","https://openalex.org/W1541296021","https://openalex.org/W1601464326","https://openalex.org/W1644620247","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1840298170","https://openalex.org/W1860620008","https://openalex.org/W1966817825","https://openalex.org/W1987654098","https://openalex.org/W1987970371","https://openalex.org/W1997707951","https://openalex.org/W2003628446","https://openalex.org/W2008441192","https://openalex.org/W2016165360","https://openalex.org/W2024924955","https://openalex.org/W2033943395","https://openalex.org/W2036634567","https://openalex.org/W2036736987","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2040787898","https://openalex.org/W2072429940","https://openalex.org/W2072964722","https://openalex.org/W2081277271","https://openalex.org/W2086642814","https://openalex.org/W2091957194","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2100408980","https://openalex.org/W2100739170","https://openalex.org/W2108985975","https://openalex.org/W2111230857","https://openalex.org/W2112042732","https://openalex.org/W2117940537","https://openalex.org/W2128901348","https://openalex.org/W2130892515","https://openalex.org/W2131931917","https://openalex.org/W2137823046","https://openalex.org/W2143080493","https://openalex.org/W2149434117","https://openalex.org/W2153730290","https://openalex.org/W2158296862","https://openalex.org/W2163552746","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2175281237","https://openalex.org/W2193856340","https://openalex.org/W2332066856","https://openalex.org/W2342472925","https://openalex.org/W2345597416","https://openalex.org/W2402205676","https://openalex.org/W2407908398","https://openalex.org/W2460403273","https://openalex.org/W2474629166","https://openalex.org/W2513577383","https://openalex.org/W2527943531","https://openalex.org/W2588309384","https://openalex.org/W2736970279","https://openalex.org/W2755862626","https://openalex.org/W2790670346","https://openalex.org/W2884322672","https://openalex.org/W2888101579","https://openalex.org/W2888229340","https://openalex.org/W2888614578","https://openalex.org/W2889471592","https://openalex.org/W2891766470","https://openalex.org/W2896910813","https://openalex.org/W2899095841","https://openalex.org/W2904614087","https://openalex.org/W2905013420","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2911250209","https://openalex.org/W2912666058","https://openalex.org/W2917783397","https://openalex.org/W2923410225","https://openalex.org/W2937255217","https://openalex.org/W2947977315","https://openalex.org/W2955829435","https://openalex.org/W2960353397","https://openalex.org/W2963930316","https://openalex.org/W2995576379","https://openalex.org/W2999890252","https://openalex.org/W3011027210","https://openalex.org/W3089516352","https://openalex.org/W3121325248","https://openalex.org/W3121501521","https://openalex.org/W3125976894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"This":[1,209],"research":[2,80],"introduces":[3],"the":[4,46,76,79,83,86,91,95,97,101,104,110,116,123,139,149,153,159,163,196,224],"combined":[5],"use":[6,130],"of":[7,48,56,78,90,99,103,112,125,131,169,202],"partial":[8],"least":[9],"squares\u2013structural":[10],"equation":[11],"modeling":[12],"(PLS-SEM)":[13],"and":[14,24,51,58,71,82,88,107,109,133,179,200,216,220,226],"necessary":[15],"condition":[16],"analysis":[17],"(NCA)":[18],"that":[19],"enables":[20,135,172,212],"researchers":[21,136,173,205,213],"to":[22,44,68,75,137,174,183,214,230],"explore":[23],"validate":[25],"hypotheses":[26,34],"following":[27,162],"a":[28,37],"sufficiency":[29,165],"logic,":[30,197],"as":[31,33,53],"well":[32],"drawing":[35],"on":[36],"necessity":[38,150],"logic.":[39,151,166],"The":[40,62,129,167,191],"authors\u2019":[41],"objective":[42,81],"is":[43],"encourage":[45],"practice":[47],"combining":[49],"PLS-SEM":[50,70,132],"NCA":[52,134,203],"complementary":[54],"views":[55],"causality":[57],"data":[59,92],"analysis.":[60],"Design/methodology/approach":[61],"authors":[63,117,192],"present":[64,118],"guidelines":[65],"describing":[66],"how":[67],"combine":[69],"NCA.":[72],"These":[73],"relate":[74],"specification":[77],"theoretical":[84,177,185],"background,":[85],"preparation":[87],"evaluation":[89,98,102],"set,":[93],"running":[94],"analyses,":[96],"measurements,":[100],"(structural)":[105],"model":[106],"relationships":[108],"interpretation":[111],"findings.":[113],"In":[114],"addition,":[115],"an":[119,144],"empirical":[120],"illustration":[121],"in":[122,146],"field":[124],"technology":[126],"acceptance.":[127],"Findings":[128],"identify":[138],"must-have":[140,225],"factors":[141,161,228],"required":[142],"for":[143,187,204],"outcome":[145],"accordance":[147],"with":[148,207],"At":[152],"same":[154],"time,":[155],"this":[156],"approach":[157,211],"shows":[158],"should-have":[160,227],"additive":[164],"combination":[168],"both":[170],"logics":[171],"support":[175],"their":[176,218,231],"considerations":[178],"offers":[180],"new":[181],"avenues":[182],"test":[184],"alternatives":[186],"established":[188],"models.":[189],"Originality/value":[190],"provide":[193],"insights":[194],"into":[195],"assessment,":[198],"challenges":[199],"benefits":[201],"familiar":[206],"PLS-SEM.":[208],"novel":[210],"substantiate":[215],"improve":[217],"theories":[219],"helps":[221],"practitioners":[222],"disclose":[223],"relevant":[229],"decision-making.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":166},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}