{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998935846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2019-0401","title":"Design of Blockchain-based Precision Health-Care Using Soft Systems Methodology","display_name":"Design of Blockchain-based Precision Health-Care Using Soft Systems Methodology","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998935846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2019-0401","mag":"2998935846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/imds-07-2019-0401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2019-0401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37320504","display_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","issn_l":"0263-5577","issn":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064158074","display_name":"Ravi Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-5344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049394884","display_name":"Charcy Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charcy Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Inclusive Digital Enterprise (CeIDE), Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Inclusive Digital Enterprise (CeIDE), Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087535608","display_name":"Stephen C. Wingreen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen C. Wingreen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025481201","display_name":"Nir Kshetri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-4212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169335092","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro","ror":"https://ror.org/04fnxsj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nir Kshetri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169335092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034189060","display_name":"Arnob Zahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-7271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnob Zahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064158074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97445316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"3","first_page":"608","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9337999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.7880563735961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.6527657508850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.588425874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigour","display_name":"Rigour","score":0.5817992687225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47543811798095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-science-research","display_name":"Design science research","score":0.46258780360221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4560309946537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-system","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","score":0.4312545657157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-science","display_name":"Design science","score":0.4296172559261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42479759454727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fallacy","display_name":"Fallacy","score":0.4130891263484955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3856450915336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3776034116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3755593001842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3446362018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30775225162506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.2987324595451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25020632147789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.22966712713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22395199537277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.20893293619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.14113834500312805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.7880563735961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.6527657508850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.588425874710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.5817992687225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47543811798095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475740","display_name":"Design science research","level":3,"score":0.46258780360221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4560309946537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.4312545657157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780103759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264375","display_name":"Design science","level":2,"score":0.4296172559261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42479759454727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186150","display_name":"Fallacy","level":2,"score":0.4130891263484955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3856450915336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3776034116744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3755593001842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3446362018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30775225162506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2987324595451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25020632147789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.22966712713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22395199537277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.20893293619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.14113834500312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/imds-07-2019-0401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2019-0401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37320504","display_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","issn_l":"0263-5577","issn":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.canterbury.ac.nz:10092/18439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10092/18439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401103","display_name":"University of Canterbury Research Repository (University of Canterbury)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","host_organization_name":"University of Canterbury","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78013638","https://openalex.org/W1529077351","https://openalex.org/W1660023155","https://openalex.org/W1761926372","https://openalex.org/W1804317668","https://openalex.org/W1967977344","https://openalex.org/W2001533330","https://openalex.org/W2007570697","https://openalex.org/W2028791093","https://openalex.org/W2064610036","https://openalex.org/W2070045930","https://openalex.org/W2077269515","https://openalex.org/W2078416735","https://openalex.org/W2084206507","https://openalex.org/W2115441252","https://openalex.org/W2123133387","https://openalex.org/W2128335704","https://openalex.org/W2133068323","https://openalex.org/W2135268333","https://openalex.org/W2136451344","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2140911647","https://openalex.org/W2148885985","https://openalex.org/W2156852925","https://openalex.org/W2167722484","https://openalex.org/W2291994988","https://openalex.org/W2304559946","https://openalex.org/W2462687589","https://openalex.org/W2493340407","https://openalex.org/W2510625382","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2555782333","https://openalex.org/W2586074729","https://openalex.org/W2588599853","https://openalex.org/W2589259427","https://openalex.org/W2592810580","https://openalex.org/W2594022964","https://openalex.org/W2606002995","https://openalex.org/W2737283810","https://openalex.org/W2738885274","https://openalex.org/W2751729090","https://openalex.org/W2758039286","https://openalex.org/W2773761901","https://openalex.org/W2781790186","https://openalex.org/W2784070037","https://openalex.org/W2786689981","https://openalex.org/W2788608518","https://openalex.org/W2793682084","https://openalex.org/W2825424220","https://openalex.org/W2883023764","https://openalex.org/W2884983901","https://openalex.org/W2888924114","https://openalex.org/W2906014515","https://openalex.org/W2907003924","https://openalex.org/W2907251489","https://openalex.org/W2913929788","https://openalex.org/W2914807994","https://openalex.org/W2929438235","https://openalex.org/W2936874037","https://openalex.org/W2952082908","https://openalex.org/W2953858196","https://openalex.org/W2961035104","https://openalex.org/W2968710754","https://openalex.org/W2981518695","https://openalex.org/W3021151937","https://openalex.org/W3123284927","https://openalex.org/W3126125366","https://openalex.org/W3151685851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075192667","https://openalex.org/W1600624913","https://openalex.org/W1532300745","https://openalex.org/W3210160841","https://openalex.org/W1495812394","https://openalex.org/W1509246047","https://openalex.org/W2165981511","https://openalex.org/W1782171664","https://openalex.org/W2747574688","https://openalex.org/W1560766245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,30,69,126,172,254],"purpose":[2,64,146],"of":[3,11,21,65,74,83,91,109,119,135,166,174,193,201,210,228,238,256,265],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"is":[6,33,37,41,140,156,204,273],"to":[7,16,55,87,235,250],"describe":[8],"the":[9,18,63,72,80,101,107,190,205,224,263],"application":[10,173,255],"soft":[12],"systems":[13],"methodology":[14],"(SSM)":[15],"address":[17],"problematic":[19,191],"situation":[20,192],"low":[22,194,202],"opt-in":[23,86,195],"rates":[24],"for":[25,62,106,113,132,178,188,226],"Precision":[26],"Health-Care":[27],"(PHC).":[28],"Design/methodology/approach":[29],"design":[31,81,104],"logic":[32],"that":[34,78,158],"when":[35],"trust":[36,239],"enhanced":[38],"and":[39,48,60,95,122,137,181,208,213,223,230,247,275],"compliance":[40],"better":[42],"assured,":[43],"participants":[44],"such":[45,218,269],"as":[46,219,258,270],"patients":[47],"their":[49,57],"doctors":[50],"would":[51],"be":[52],"more":[53],"likely":[54],"share":[56],"medical":[58,231],"data":[59,221],"diagnosis":[61],"precision":[66,209,271],"modeling.":[67],"Findings":[68],"authors":[70,102],"present":[71,184],"findings":[73],"an":[75,164,266],"empirical":[76],"study":[77],"confronts":[79],"challenge":[82],"increasing":[84],"participant":[85],"a":[88,110,141,176,185,236,259],"PHC":[89,114],"repository":[90],"Electronic":[92],"Medical":[93],"Records":[94],"genetic":[96,229],"sequencing.":[97],"Guided":[98],"by":[99],"SSM,":[100],"formulate":[103],"rules":[105],"establishment":[108],"trust-less":[111],"platform":[112,177,261],"which":[115],"incorporates":[116],"key":[117,241],"principles":[118],"transparency,":[120],"traceability":[121],"immutability.":[123],"Research":[124],"limitations/implications":[125],"SSM":[127],"approach":[128,187],"has":[129],"been":[130],"criticized":[131],"its":[133,145],"lack":[134,237],"\u201crigour\u201d":[136],"\u201creplicability\u201d.":[138],"This":[139],"fallacy":[142],"in":[143,262],"understanding":[144,165],"\u2013":[147,243,249],"theory":[148,152],"exploration":[149],"rather":[150],"than":[151],"confirmation.":[153],"Moreover,":[154],"it":[155],"unlikely":[157],"quantitative":[159],"modeling":[160],"yields":[161],"any":[162],"clearer":[163],"complex,":[167],"socio-technical":[168],"systems.":[169],"Practical":[170],"implications":[171,198],"Blockchain,":[175],"distributed":[179],"ledgers,":[180],"associated":[182],"technologies":[183],"feasible":[186],"resolving":[189],"rates.":[196],"Social":[197],"A":[199],"consequence":[200],"participation":[203],"weak":[206],"recall":[207],"descriptive,":[211],"predictive":[212],"prescriptive":[214],"analytic":[215],"models.":[216],"Factors":[217],"cyber-crime,":[220],"violation":[222],"potential":[225],"misuse":[227],"records":[232],"have":[233],"led":[234],"from":[240],"stakeholders":[242],"accessors,":[244],"participants,":[245],"miners":[246],"regulators":[248],"varying":[251],"degrees.":[252],"Originality/value":[253],"Blockchain":[257],"trust-enabling":[260],"domain":[264],"emerging":[267],"eco-system":[268],"health":[272],"novel":[274],"pioneering.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
