{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971139621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0082","title":"Developing and testing SCoP \u2013 a visual hash scheme","display_name":"Developing and testing SCoP \u2013 a visual hash scheme","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971139621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0082","mag":"1971139621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204075876","display_name":"Information Management & Computer Security","issn_l":"0968-5227","issn":["0968-5227","1758-5805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Management & Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090107771","display_name":"M. Maina Olembo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Maina Olembo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033582461","display_name":"Timo Kilian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Kilian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010047857","display_name":"Simon Stockhardt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Stockhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065527777","display_name":"Andreas H\u00fclsing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas H\u00fclsing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022078187","display_name":"Melanie Volkamer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Volkamer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090107771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05157328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"382","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphanumeric","display_name":"Alphanumeric","score":0.8152499198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.8053363561630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7778456211090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.5493950843811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.44662952423095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42498964071273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34028691053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1816045343875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15897220373153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14859279990196228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781003394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737372","display_name":"Alphanumeric","level":2,"score":0.8152499198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.8053363561630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7778456211090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.5493950843811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44662952423095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42498964071273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34028691053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1816045343875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15897220373153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14859279990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/imcs-11-2013-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204075876","display_name":"Information Management & Computer Security","issn_l":"0968-5227","issn":["0968-5227","1758-5805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Management & Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40134741","https://openalex.org/W1716079485","https://openalex.org/W1966972933","https://openalex.org/W1980384741","https://openalex.org/W2008427387","https://openalex.org/W2109828499","https://openalex.org/W2149869556","https://openalex.org/W2589889346","https://openalex.org/W6601589750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049379968","https://openalex.org/W2461009308","https://openalex.org/W2048515600","https://openalex.org/W2322679734","https://openalex.org/W2507454043","https://openalex.org/W2236176244","https://openalex.org/W1979637215","https://openalex.org/W2048396828","https://openalex.org/W2509420154","https://openalex.org/W2077757587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"\u2013":[1,26,34,68,122,191,225],"The":[2],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,19,88,129,236],"this":[5],"study":[6],"was":[7,73,83,151],"to":[8,44,63,96,153,248],"develop":[9],"and":[10,79,92,117,211,244],"test":[11],"SCoP.":[12],"Users":[13],"find":[14],"comparing":[15,136],"long":[16],"meaningless":[17],"strings":[18,33],"alphanumeric":[20],"characters":[21],"difficult.":[22],"While":[23],"visual":[24,70,138,229],"hashes":[25],"where":[27,200],"users":[28],"compare":[29],"images":[30,202],"rather":[31],"than":[32,48,239],"have":[35],"been":[36],"proposed":[37],"as":[38],"an":[39,125,185],"alternative,":[40],"people":[41],"are":[42,221],"unable":[43],"sufficiently":[45],"distinguish":[46],"more":[47,155,218],"30":[49],"bits,":[50],"which":[51,98],"does":[52],"not":[53],"provide":[54],"adequate":[55],"security":[56],"against":[57],"collision":[58],"attacks.":[59],"Our":[60],"goal":[61],"is":[62],"improve":[64],"the":[65,144,147,158,201,205,208,213,246],"situation.":[66],"Design/methodology/approach":[67],"A":[69],"hash":[71,139,230],"scheme":[72,231],"developed":[74],"using":[75],"shapes,":[76],"colours,":[77],"patterns":[78],"position":[80],"parameters.":[81],"It":[82],"evaluated":[84],"in":[85,107,113,174,177,184,197,212,217,242],"a":[86,169,228,233],"series":[87],"pilot":[89],"user":[90],"studies":[91],"improved":[93],"iteratively,":[94],"leading":[95],"SCoP,":[97],"encodes":[99],"60":[100],"distinguishable":[101,237],"bits.":[102],"We":[103,226],"tested":[104],"SCoP":[105,134,150],"further":[106],"two":[108,137],"follow-up":[109,148],"studies,":[110,149],"simulating":[111,175],"verifying":[112],"remote":[114,178],"electronic":[115,179],"voting":[116,180],"https":[118,159],"certificate":[119,160],"validation.":[120],"Findings":[121],"Participants":[123,192],"attained":[124],"average":[126,171],"accuracy":[127,172,195],"rate":[128,173],"97":[130],"per":[131],"cent":[132],"with":[133,164],"when":[135],"images,":[140],"one":[141],"placed":[142],"above":[143],"other.":[145],"From":[146],"seen":[152],"be":[154],"promising":[156],"for":[157],"validation":[161],"use":[162,187],"case,":[163],"direct":[165],"image":[166],"comparison,":[167],"while":[168],"low":[170],"verifiability":[176],"limits":[181],"its":[182],"applicability":[183],"image-recall":[186],"case.":[188],"Research":[189],"limitations/implications":[190],"achieved":[193],"high":[194],"rates":[196],"unrealistic":[198],"situations,":[199],"appeared":[203],"on":[204],"screen":[206],"at":[207],"same":[209,214],"time":[210],"size.":[215],"Studies":[216],"realistic":[219,249],"situations":[220],"therefore":[222],"necessary.":[223],"Originality/value":[224],"identify":[227],"encoding":[232],"higher":[234],"number":[235],"bits":[238],"previously":[240],"reported":[241],"literature,":[243],"extend":[245],"testing":[247],"scenarios.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}