{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903184177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00013","title":"An energy efficient load balanced cluster-based routing using ant colony optimization for WSN","display_name":"An energy efficient load balanced cluster-based routing using ant colony optimization for WSN","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903184177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00013","mag":"2903184177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172682790","display_name":"International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications","issn_l":"1742-7371","issn":["1742-7371","1742-738X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068564430","display_name":"Kalpna Guleria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2359-8351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalpna Guleria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028581691","display_name":"Anil Kumar Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-4323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Kumar Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92712806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3/4","first_page":"233","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8177944421768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.703630805015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6829224228858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6664736270904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6508780121803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.53593510389328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5132632255554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.49129122495651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.4583960473537445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.4271852970123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41392335295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.40191978216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3937307596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1853618323802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08533540368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08303594589233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06957167387008667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8177944421768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.703630805015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6829224228858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6664736270904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6508780121803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.53593510389328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5132632255554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.49129122495651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.4583960473537445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.4271852970123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41392335295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.40191978216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3937307596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1853618323802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08533540368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08303594589233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06957167387008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-d-18-00013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172682790","display_name":"International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications","issn_l":"1742-7371","issn":["1742-7371","1742-738X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332802825","https://openalex.org/W982943226","https://openalex.org/W1559599281","https://openalex.org/W1579298160","https://openalex.org/W1664011265","https://openalex.org/W1970887014","https://openalex.org/W1972398659","https://openalex.org/W1982336882","https://openalex.org/W1986960245","https://openalex.org/W1997961412","https://openalex.org/W2032122646","https://openalex.org/W2066744624","https://openalex.org/W2073404532","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2130403046","https://openalex.org/W2131791946","https://openalex.org/W2132102326","https://openalex.org/W2132549513","https://openalex.org/W2146875504","https://openalex.org/W2155864758","https://openalex.org/W2338508795","https://openalex.org/W2341901808","https://openalex.org/W2541913127","https://openalex.org/W2546797189","https://openalex.org/W2559770398","https://openalex.org/W2588634531","https://openalex.org/W2774039791","https://openalex.org/W2990269601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347951034","https://openalex.org/W2388326823","https://openalex.org/W2366876790","https://openalex.org/W2071981049","https://openalex.org/W2381829748","https://openalex.org/W2244460820","https://openalex.org/W2109336245","https://openalex.org/W2511325427","https://openalex.org/W2392795382","https://openalex.org/W2379177376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Wireless":[1],"sensor":[2],"networks":[3],"(WSNs)":[4],"have":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,128],"one":[8],"of":[9,34,57,61,94,106,143],"the":[10,58,95,122],"most":[11,27],"promising":[12],"technology":[13],"in":[14,30,55,155,164,188,229],"our":[15],"day-to-day":[16],"life.":[17],"Limited":[18],"network":[19,59,153,186,232],"lifetime":[20,60,187,233],"and":[21,104,158,191,219],"higher":[22,231],"energy":[23,93],"consumption":[24],"are":[25,91,112],"two":[26],"critical":[28],"issues":[29],"WSNs.":[31,62,209],"The":[32,64,84,118,200,225],"purpose":[33],"this":[35],"paper":[36,202],"is":[37,162],"to":[38,79],"propose":[39],"an":[40,129,156],"energy-efficient":[41,206],"load":[42],"balanced":[43,159],"cluster-based":[44],"routing":[45,221],"protocol":[46,66,181],"using":[47,152,216],"ant":[48],"colony":[49],"optimization":[50],"(LB-CR-ACO)":[51],"which":[52,77,90,148,222],"ultimately":[53],"results":[54,228],"enhancement":[56],"Design/methodology/approach":[63],"proposed":[65,201,226],"performs":[67,139,211],"optimal":[68,130,144,217],"clustering":[69,218],"based":[70],"on":[71],"cluster":[72,81,85,119,131,145,213],"head":[73,82,120,132,146,214],"selection":[74,142,215],"weighing":[75],"function":[76],"leads":[78],"novel":[80,212],"selection.":[83],"formation":[86],"uses":[87],"various":[88],"parameters":[89],"remaining":[92],"nodes,":[96],"received":[97],"signal":[98],"strength":[99],"indicator":[100],"(RSSI),":[101],"node":[102,108],"density":[103],"number":[105],"load-balanced":[107],"connections.":[109],"Priority":[110],"weights":[111],"also":[113,138],"assigned":[114],"among":[115],"these":[116],"metrics.":[117],"with":[121],"highest":[123],"probability":[124],"will":[125],"be":[126],"selected":[127],"for":[133,168,185,208],"a":[134,140,204],"particular":[135],"round.":[136],"LB-CR-ACO":[137,180,207,210],"dynamic":[141],"periodically":[147],"conserves":[149],"energy,":[150],"thereby":[151],"resources":[154],"efficient":[157],"manner.":[160],"ACO":[161],"used":[163],"steady":[165],"state":[166],"phase":[167],"multi-hop":[169,220],"data":[170],"transfer.":[171],"Findings":[172],"It":[173],"has":[174],"been":[175],"observed":[176],"through":[177],"simulation":[178],"that":[179],"exhibits":[182],"better":[183],"performance":[184],"sparse,":[189],"medium":[190],"dense":[192],"WSN":[193],"deployments":[194],"than":[195,234],"its":[196,235],"peer":[197,236],"protocols.":[198,237],"Originality/value":[199],"provides":[203],"unique":[205],"utilizes":[223],"ACO.":[224],"work":[227],"achieving":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}