{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024563830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2019-0060","title":"Forecasting Pakistan's electricity based on improved discrete grey polynomial model","display_name":"Forecasting Pakistan's electricity based on improved discrete grey polynomial model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024563830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2019-0060","mag":"3024563830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-12-2019-0060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2019-0060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004313959","display_name":"Dang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-1584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060769917","display_name":"Muffarah Ambreen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muffarah Ambreen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035506318","display_name":"Assad Latif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assad Latif","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, North-China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, North-China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367721","display_name":"Xiaolei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9055-1011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004313959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87011405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"215","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.7865707874298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6787359118461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.5581240057945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.5501051545143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.4563267230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nameplate-capacity","display_name":"Nameplate capacity","score":0.419519305229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.41788309812545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.39652585983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3878621757030487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.377720445394516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.35295069217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3497290015220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3471734821796417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.26801615953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2585994601249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24533513188362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.19084638357162476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.7865707874298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6787359118461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5581240057945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5501051545143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.4563267230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71554815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200974","display_name":"Nameplate capacity","level":4,"score":0.419519305229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.41788309812545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.39652585983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3878621757030487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.377720445394516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.35295069217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3497290015220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3471734821796417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26801615953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2585994601249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24533513188362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.19084638357162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-12-2019-0060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-12-2019-0060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979796434","https://openalex.org/W1998666335","https://openalex.org/W2013377700","https://openalex.org/W2022022719","https://openalex.org/W2040557245","https://openalex.org/W2080117042","https://openalex.org/W2087120645","https://openalex.org/W2167036165","https://openalex.org/W2169384417","https://openalex.org/W2198386013","https://openalex.org/W2215654162","https://openalex.org/W2607197734","https://openalex.org/W2626687215","https://openalex.org/W2793266273","https://openalex.org/W2804202111","https://openalex.org/W2807707380","https://openalex.org/W2808807067","https://openalex.org/W2885533229","https://openalex.org/W2899632751","https://openalex.org/W2911388542","https://openalex.org/W2917020130","https://openalex.org/W2982236294","https://openalex.org/W4387441687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093216143","https://openalex.org/W2365589717","https://openalex.org/W2923652323","https://openalex.org/W2897931424","https://openalex.org/W1990062858","https://openalex.org/W2900183140","https://openalex.org/W3194348528","https://openalex.org/W2514111033","https://openalex.org/W1908892063","https://openalex.org/W3012984810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Electricity":[1],"plays":[2],"an":[3,38],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,99,175],"the":[7,25,60,96,100,102,132,168,191,197,208,232,238,243],"economic":[8,26],"condition":[9],"of":[10,20,28,32,47,86,104,112,121,135,193,200,235],"any":[11],"country.":[12,136],"Nowadays,":[13],"Pakistan":[14],"is":[15,35,66,79,88,106,226],"badly":[16],"affected":[17,24],"by":[18],"shortage":[19],"electricity,":[21,48],"which":[22],"directly":[23],"growth":[27],"state.":[29],"The":[30,73,84,109],"purpose":[31],"this":[33],"study":[34],"to":[36,43,117,130,166,185,189,230,245],"propose":[37],"improved":[39,67,91,138,163],"grey":[40,62,92,164,209],"model":[41,64,210],"DGPM(1,1,N)":[42,65,139],"forecast":[44],"Pakistan's":[45,218],"production":[46],"installed":[49,110,173,198,221,233],"capacity":[50,111,174,199,222,234],"and":[51,57,127,151,161,172,179,195,223,237],"consumption.":[52,224],"Design/methodology/approach":[53],"To":[54],"significantly":[55],"simulate":[56],"predict":[58,167,231],"accuracy,":[59],"discrete":[61],"polynomial":[63],"with":[68,211],"new":[69,228],"information":[70],"priority":[71],"accumulation.":[72],"particle":[74],"swarm":[75],"optimization":[76],"(PSO)":[77],"algorithm":[78],"used":[80],"for":[81,242],"parameter":[82,87,97],"optimization.":[83],"value":[85,98],"adjusted":[89],"into":[90],"model.":[93],"By":[94],"adjusting":[95],"model,":[101],"accuracy":[103,142],"prediction":[105],"enhanced.":[107],"Findings":[108],"electricity":[113,133,169,194,219,236],"needs":[114],"more":[115],"attention":[116],"improvement":[118],"through":[119],"implementation":[120],"effective":[122],"polices,":[123],"resolving":[124],"major":[125],"issues":[126],"funding":[128],"scheme":[129],"fulfill":[131],"demand":[134],"And":[137],"has":[140],"better":[141,187],"than":[143],"original":[144],"DGPM(1,1,N),":[145],"DGM(1,1),":[146],"nongrey":[147],"models,":[148],"linear":[149],"regression":[150],"Holt\u2013Winters":[152],"methods.":[153],"Practical":[154],"implications":[155],"This":[156,177,203],"paper":[157,204],"provides":[158],"a":[159,227],"practical":[160],"efficient":[162],"method":[165],"production,":[170,220],"consumption":[171,192],"Pakistan.":[176],"research":[178],"suggestion":[180],"will":[181],"help":[182],"Pakistani":[183],"government":[184,244],"formulate":[186],"policies":[188],"decrease":[190],"increase":[196],"electricity.":[201],"Originality/value":[202],"not":[205],"only":[206],"improves":[207],"accumulation":[212],"generation":[213],"operator":[214],"but":[215],"also":[216],"forecasts":[217],"It":[225],"idea":[229],"findings":[239],"provide":[240],"suggestions":[241],"make":[246],"policies.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}