{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963223467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-10-2018-0047","title":"Multi-objective optimization of high carbon steel (EN-31) and low carbon steel (SAE-1020) using Grey Taguchi method in rotary friction stir welding","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization of high carbon steel (EN-31) and low carbon steel (SAE-1020) using Grey Taguchi method in rotary friction stir welding","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963223467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-10-2018-0047","mag":"2963223467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-10-2018-0047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-10-2018-0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102992959","display_name":"Kanwal Jit Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-6788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136518","display_name":"Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7qz240","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136518"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kanwal Jit Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giani Zail Singh Punjab Technical University Campus Bathinda, Bathinda, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giani Zail Singh Punjab Technical University Campus Bathinda, Bathinda, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136518"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102992959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136518"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1457,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46241616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"385","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-relational-analysis","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","score":0.757448673248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-methods","display_name":"Taguchi methods","score":0.7444654703140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forging","display_name":"Forging","score":0.7398725748062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6881256699562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.6221450567245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-welding","display_name":"Friction welding","score":0.579742431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-array","display_name":"Orthogonal array","score":0.5540649890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-steel","display_name":"Carbon steel","score":0.5008974075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.4824869930744171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4796072244644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.47883108258247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.4179510772228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-of-experiments","display_name":"Design of experiments","score":0.41402146220207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.341795951128006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1677689254283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09061682224273682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64734493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608296","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","level":2,"score":0.757448673248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.7444654703140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96494537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193057","display_name":"Forging","level":2,"score":0.7398725748062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6881256699562073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.6221450567245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62352918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q588936","display_name":"Friction welding","level":3,"score":0.579742431640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42632107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031860","display_name":"Orthogonal array","level":3,"score":0.5540649890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967996","display_name":"Carbon steel","level":3,"score":0.5008974075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.4824869930744171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4796072244644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.47883108258247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4179510772228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.41402146220207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.341795951128006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1677689254283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09061682224273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-10-2018-0047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-10-2018-0047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1268411564","https://openalex.org/W1537935116","https://openalex.org/W1772319924","https://openalex.org/W1952901712","https://openalex.org/W1965503088","https://openalex.org/W1995105613","https://openalex.org/W1995231692","https://openalex.org/W2004927522","https://openalex.org/W2013663234","https://openalex.org/W2015852544","https://openalex.org/W2021198768","https://openalex.org/W2041311102","https://openalex.org/W2041635898","https://openalex.org/W2049368133","https://openalex.org/W2058189076","https://openalex.org/W2061697414","https://openalex.org/W2061809240","https://openalex.org/W2062546484","https://openalex.org/W2066277008","https://openalex.org/W2067467872","https://openalex.org/W2067983655","https://openalex.org/W2070829864","https://openalex.org/W2070928037","https://openalex.org/W2076568597","https://openalex.org/W2092806013","https://openalex.org/W2108329720","https://openalex.org/W2265853031","https://openalex.org/W2294676309","https://openalex.org/W2294879243","https://openalex.org/W2344646906","https://openalex.org/W2523619486","https://openalex.org/W2537920852","https://openalex.org/W2623993122","https://openalex.org/W2725907739","https://openalex.org/W2735595629","https://openalex.org/W2736873030","https://openalex.org/W2754121720","https://openalex.org/W2891108568","https://openalex.org/W2901874956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089885773","https://openalex.org/W2072844563","https://openalex.org/W2611443241","https://openalex.org/W3043200669","https://openalex.org/W2110473576","https://openalex.org/W3009898605","https://openalex.org/W186921175","https://openalex.org/W2798254176","https://openalex.org/W2901256284","https://openalex.org/W3193005141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Nowadays,":[1],"a":[2,18,58,127,257],"rotary":[3,53,106,145],"friction":[4,54,107,116,146,181],"welding":[5,55,108],"method":[6,66],"is":[7,23,48,61,110],"accepted":[8],"in":[9,43,46,51,95,112,205,224,234,275],"many":[10,226],"industries,":[11],"particularly":[12],"for":[13,72],"joining":[14],"dissimilar":[15],"materials":[16,230],"as":[17],"mass":[19],"production":[20,32],"process.":[21],"It":[22,255],"due":[24],"to":[25,79,91,117,161,260],"advantages":[26],"like":[27,237],"less":[28],"material":[29],"waste,":[30],"low":[31,35,135,218],"time":[33],"and":[34,57,89,134,151,177,192,201,208,217,250,269],"energy":[36],"expenditure.":[37],"The":[38,63,76,166],"effect":[39],"of":[40,153,156,168],"the":[41,52,68,93,118,154,157,163,235,262],"change":[42],"carbon":[44,133,136,140,214,219],"contents":[45],"steel":[47,215,220],"studied":[49],"experimentally":[50],"process,":[56],"statistical":[59],"model":[60],"developed.":[62],"Grey":[64,100,174],"Taguchi":[65],"gives":[67],"single":[69,96,276],"parameters":[70,98,169,179,198],"optimization":[71,167],"all":[73],"output":[74,271],"responses.":[75],"paper":[77],"aims":[78],"discuss":[80],"these":[81],"issues.":[82],"Design/methodology/approach":[83],"An":[84],"experimental":[85],"setup":[86],"was":[87],"designed":[88],"produced":[90],"achieve":[92],"multi-response":[94],"optimum":[97,178,197],"through":[99],"relational":[101,175],"analysis.":[102],"A":[103],"continuous/direct":[104],"drive":[105],"process":[109,236],"chosen":[111],"which":[113],"transition":[114],"from":[115],"forging":[119,187],"stage":[120],"can":[121],"be":[122],"achieved":[123],"automatically":[124],"by":[125],"applying":[126],"break.":[128],"In":[129],"this":[130],"experimentation,":[131],"high":[132],"work-pieces":[137],"with":[138,144,173],"different":[139],"percentage":[141],"were":[142],"welded":[143],"welding.":[147],"Response":[148],"tensile":[149],"strength":[150,207],"micro-hardness":[152],"design":[155],"experiment":[158],"are":[159,180,222,231,273],"used":[160,223,233],"analyze":[162],"results.":[164],"Findings":[165],"has":[170],"been":[171],"performed":[172],"analysis,":[176],"pressure":[182,188],"40":[183],"kg/cm":[184,190],"2":[185,191],",":[186],"100":[189],"speed":[193],"1,120":[194],"rpm.":[195],"GRA":[196],"give":[199],"56.04":[200],"82.16":[202],"percent":[203],"improvement":[204],"Tensile":[206],"micro-hardness,":[209],"respectively.":[210],"Practical":[211],"implications":[212],"High":[213],"(En-31)":[216],"(SAE-1020)":[221],"so":[225],"industrial":[227],"applications.":[228],"These":[229,243],"mostly":[232],"manufacturing,":[238],"metallurgy,":[239],"machinery,":[240],"agricultural,":[241],"etc.":[242],"practical":[244],"applications":[245],"have":[246],"brought":[247],"forward":[248],"definite":[249],"notable":[251],"economic":[252],"benefits.":[253],"Originality/value":[254],"provides":[256],"new":[258],"framework":[259],"investigate":[261],"problems":[263],"where":[264],"multiple":[265],"input":[266],"machining":[267],"variables":[268],"various":[270],"responses":[272],"obtained":[274],"optimized":[277],"parameters.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
