{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2728727031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-04-2017-0007","title":"Multivariate grey gradient incidence model and its application","display_name":"Multivariate grey gradient incidence model and its application","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2728727031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-04-2017-0007","mag":"2728727031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-04-2017-0007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-04-2017-0007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045144626","display_name":"Ke Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5288-9372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076406624","display_name":"Qiupin Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiupin Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101017340","display_name":"Yuan Zuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7692064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"236","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7176305055618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6663708686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.573136031627655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","score":0.5664724707603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariable-calculus","display_name":"Multivariable calculus","score":0.5219944715499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.49295639991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-similarity","display_name":"Matrix similarity","score":0.4811231195926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.4560231864452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36024218797683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.35742753744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3448783755302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2744562029838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Partial differential equation","score":0.1531086564064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10172805190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07709872722625732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7176305055618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6663708686828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.573136031627655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5664724707603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117312493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035437","display_name":"Multivariable calculus","level":2,"score":0.5219944715499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.49295639991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39739852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254491","display_name":"Matrix similarity","level":3,"score":0.4811231195926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.4560231864452362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36024218797683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35742753744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3448783755302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2744562029838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.1531086564064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10172805190086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07709872722625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-04-2017-0007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-04-2017-0007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W777495109","https://openalex.org/W1577818368","https://openalex.org/W1619438751","https://openalex.org/W1989930107","https://openalex.org/W2065741878","https://openalex.org/W2215029138","https://openalex.org/W2241935340","https://openalex.org/W2361818110","https://openalex.org/W2371916026","https://openalex.org/W2513192692","https://openalex.org/W2527654203","https://openalex.org/W2576519705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576377477","https://openalex.org/W2224575301","https://openalex.org/W2721687755","https://openalex.org/W2388146630","https://openalex.org/W418212511","https://openalex.org/W2086932047","https://openalex.org/W2099048101","https://openalex.org/W1964208669","https://openalex.org/W2112363989","https://openalex.org/W13811253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,55,132,170],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,11,22,29,36,69,107,111,128,137,208],"this":[4],"paper":[5,175],"is":[6,39,49,95,122,151],"to":[7,32,60,124,195],"overcome":[8],"the":[9,20,27,34,58,62,87,99,103,112,126,129,159,174,191,206],"shortcomings":[10],"existing":[12],"multivariate":[13,209],"grey":[14,46,80,108,210],"incidence":[15,47,66,81,89,109,211],"models":[16],"that":[17,163],"cannot":[18],"analyze":[19],"similarity":[21,35,75,156,200],"behavior":[23,93,192],"matrixes.":[24],"Design/methodology/approach":[25],"First,":[26],"feasibility":[28],"using":[30],"gradient":[31,59,88],"measure":[33,61],"continuous":[37,53,100],"functions":[38],"analyzed":[40,197],"theoretically":[41],"and":[42,72,105,145],"intuitively.":[43],"Then,":[44],"a":[45,119,152],"degree":[48,82,90],"constructed":[50,154],"for":[51,92],"multivariable":[52,181],"functions.":[54],"model":[56,91,114,134,153,165],"employs":[57],"local":[63,74],"similarity,":[64,78],"as":[65,79],"coefficient":[67],"function,":[68],"two":[70],"functions,":[71],"combines":[73],"into":[76],"global":[77],"by":[83,97],"double":[84],"integral.":[85],"Third,":[86],"matrix":[94],"proposed":[96,113,133,164,172],"discretizing":[98],"models.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"properties":[104,136],"satisfaction":[106],"atom":[110],"are":[115],"research,":[116],"respectively.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"financial":[120,180],"case":[121,160],"studied":[123],"examine":[125],"validity":[127],"model.":[130,212],"Findings":[131],"satisfies":[135],"invariance":[138],"under":[139],"mean":[140],"value":[141],"transformation,":[142,147],"multiple":[143],"transformation":[144],"linear":[146],"which":[148],"proves":[149],"it":[150],"from":[155,198],"perspective.":[157,201],"Meanwhile,":[158],"study":[161],"shows":[162],"performs":[166],"effectively.":[167],"Practical":[168],"implications":[169],"method":[171],"in":[173,179,187],"could":[176],"be":[177,196],"used":[178],"time":[182],"series":[183],"clustering,":[184],"personalized":[185],"recommendation":[186],"e-commerce,":[188],"etc.,":[189],"when":[190],"matrixes":[193],"need":[194],"trend":[199],"Originality/value":[202],"It":[203],"will":[204],"promote":[205],"accuracy":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}