{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402308696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-02-2024-0025","title":"A directed grey incidence model based on panel data","display_name":"A directed grey incidence model based on panel data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402308696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-02-2024-0025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-02-2024-0025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-02-2024-0025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036851368","display_name":"Yanli Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4797-6746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanli Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4797-6746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111317982","display_name":"G Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5804-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gege Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5804-4116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004313959","display_name":"Dang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-1584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-1584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036851368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17615235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"846","last_page":"866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9276000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence-matrix","display_name":"Incidence matrix","score":0.7281610369682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6338995099067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.6126874685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","score":0.5825318694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5824980139732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5445210933685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.5260933637619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5217555165290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.4158729314804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40271827578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3394351601600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3316522240638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10934999585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09505957365036011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85136909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939272","display_name":"Incidence matrix","level":3,"score":0.7281610369682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6338995099067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6126874685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5825318694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5824980139732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5445210933685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.5260933637619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5217555165290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.4158729314804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40271827578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3394351601600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3316522240638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10934999585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09505957365036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/gs-02-2024-0025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-02-2024-0025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188239","display_name":"Grey Systems Theory and Application","issn_l":"2043-9377","issn":["2043-9377","2043-9385"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Grey Systems: Theory and Application","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989930107","https://openalex.org/W1991768339","https://openalex.org/W2095006804","https://openalex.org/W2382074253","https://openalex.org/W2571743398","https://openalex.org/W2580677990","https://openalex.org/W2626249354","https://openalex.org/W2728727031","https://openalex.org/W2765420219","https://openalex.org/W2887232579","https://openalex.org/W2888132687","https://openalex.org/W2891614604","https://openalex.org/W2921943406","https://openalex.org/W2957326953","https://openalex.org/W2980695410","https://openalex.org/W3032897527","https://openalex.org/W3044369849","https://openalex.org/W3081566007","https://openalex.org/W3172744860","https://openalex.org/W3210440095","https://openalex.org/W4200043849","https://openalex.org/W4224106074","https://openalex.org/W4311017344","https://openalex.org/W4376155213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399035783","https://openalex.org/W3161230432","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W4367190712","https://openalex.org/W2168900540","https://openalex.org/W1487201914","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4229495291","https://openalex.org/W4301429470","https://openalex.org/W2351424232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,86,140],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,33,41,71,145,159],"this":[4,28],"paper":[5,29,183],"is":[6,57,79,90,115,151],"to":[7,45,59,81,196],"construct":[8],"a":[9,34,55,82,109,134,190],"grey":[10],"incidence":[11,20,62,88,199,211],"model":[12,56,73,78,191,206],"for":[13],"panel":[14],"data":[15,40],"that":[16],"can":[17,207],"reflect":[18],"the":[19,31,39,61,69,72,77,99,104,124,129,143,155,172,185,193,198,210,213,223],"direction":[21,63,200],"and":[22,37,50,64,68,93,103,118,128,168,188,201,216,227],"degree":[23,65,89,114],"between":[24,52,66,98,123,203,212],"indicators.":[25,53,204],"Design/methodology/approach":[26],"Firstly,":[27],"introduces":[30,184],"concept":[32],"negative":[35,135,186],"matrix":[36,44,102,107,127,132,187],"preprocesses":[38],"each":[42,160],"indicator":[43,101,106,126,131,215,218],"eliminate":[46],"differences":[47],"in":[48,178],"dimensions":[49],"magnitudes":[51],"Then":[54],"constructed":[58],"measure":[60,197,209],"indicators,":[67],"properties":[70],"are":[74,171],"studied.":[75],"Finally,":[76],"applied":[80],"practical":[83],"problem.":[84],"Findings":[85],"grey-directed":[87],"1":[91],"if":[92,95,117,120],"only":[94,119],"corresponding":[96,121],"elements":[97,122],"feature":[100,125,214],"factor":[105,130,217],"have":[108,133],"positive":[110],"linear":[111,136],"relationship.":[112,137],"This":[113,182,205],"\u22121":[116],"Practical":[138],"implications":[139],"example":[141],"shows":[142],"number":[144],"days":[146],"with":[147,154],"good":[148],"air":[149,176],"quality":[150,177],"negatively":[152],"correlated":[153],"annual":[156],"average":[157],"concentration":[158],"pollutant":[161],"index.":[162],"PM":[163,166],"2.5":[164],",":[165],"10":[167],"O":[169],"3":[170],"main":[173],"pollutants":[174],"affecting":[175],"northern":[179],"Henan.":[180],"Originality/value":[181],"constructs":[189],"from":[192,222],"holistic":[194],"perspective":[195],"level":[202],"effectively":[208],"by":[219],"integrating":[220],"information":[221],"point,":[224],"row,":[225],"column":[226],"matrix.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T23:28:44.954186","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}