{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072156242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007192","title":"Designing language games in Okapi","display_name":"Designing language games in Okapi","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072156242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007192","mag":"2072156242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eum0000000007192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091136567","display_name":"Murat Karamuftuoglu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125768316","display_name":"Northampton Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/05j27jv73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125768316"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murat Karamuftuoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Interactive Systems Research, Department of Information Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB","(Centre for Interactive Systems Research, Department of Information Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Interactive Systems Research, Department of Information Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125768316"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Centre for Interactive Systems Research, Department of Information Science, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125768316"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091136567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125768316"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89512277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiotics","display_name":"Semiotics","score":0.8653390407562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denotation","display_name":"Denotation (semiotics)","score":0.7466534376144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7329720258712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6977748274803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4342033267021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.40771496295928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40231963992118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3412887454032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1393258273601532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60195","display_name":"Semiotics","level":2,"score":0.8653390407562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149106765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1982453","display_name":"Denotation (semiotics)","level":3,"score":0.7466534376144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7329720258712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6977748274803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4342033267021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.40771496295928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40231963992118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3412887454032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1393258273601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eum0000000007192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358394270","https://openalex.org/W2394287476","https://openalex.org/W2801965739","https://openalex.org/W2314134133","https://openalex.org/W2055592795","https://openalex.org/W1574317441","https://openalex.org/W3137642133","https://openalex.org/W1731616892","https://openalex.org/W3033129237","https://openalex.org/W2279163578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Study":[0],"of":[1,9,13,23,43,69,137,145,159],"information":[2,62,163],"retrieval":[3,35,164],"(IR)":[4],"interaction":[5,36],"from":[6,63],"a":[7,123],"viewpoint":[8],"an":[10],"appropriate":[11],"discipline":[12],"human":[14],"communication,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,49,122],"semiotics,":[18],"should":[19],"be":[20,77],"useful.":[21],"Application":[22],"semiotic":[24,106],"categories":[25],"to":[26,60,66,79,91,110,149],"IR":[27,57,112,116],"reveals":[28],"that":[29,85],"the":[30,34,39,64,67,70,102,111,128,133,143,146,157,160],"basic":[31],"distinction":[32],"in":[33,56,126],"is":[37,58,120,131,142],"between":[38,83,132],"two":[40,134,152],"particular":[41],"types":[42],"\u201clanguage":[44],"games\u201d":[45],"(speech":[46],"acts)":[47],"known":[48],"\u201cdenotations\u201d":[50],"and":[51,108,139],"\u201cpresentations\u201d.":[52],"The":[53,72,95],"denotative":[54],"act":[55],"needed":[59],"transmit":[61],"database":[65],"user":[68],"system.":[71,165],"prescriptive":[73],"act,":[74],"however,":[75],"can":[76],"used":[78],"\u201cinvent\u201d":[80],"new":[81,93],"connections":[82],"documents":[84],"constitute":[86],"documentation":[87],"systems":[88,113,117],"and,":[89],"thus,":[90],"create":[92],"knowledge.":[94],"research":[96],"project":[97,148],"being":[98],"carried":[99],"out":[100],"by":[101],"present":[103],"author":[104],"applies":[105],"concepts":[107],"tools":[109],"design":[114,118],"problem.":[115],"practice":[119,125],"viewed":[121],"social":[124],"which":[127],"main":[129],"disjunction":[130],"conflicting":[135,153],"acts":[136],"denotation":[138],"prescription.":[140],"It":[141],"aim":[144],"reported":[147],"balance":[150],"these":[151],"language":[154],"games":[155],"within":[156],"framework":[158],"Okapi":[161],"experimental":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}