{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970442089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007099","title":"Automatic vs manual categorisation of documents in Spanish","display_name":"Automatic vs manual categorisation of documents in Spanish","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970442089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007099","mag":"1970442089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eum0000000007099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020867832","display_name":"Carlos G. Figuerola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-2874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos G. Figuerola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","(Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038692240","display_name":"\u00c1ngel Francisco Zazo Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-1880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Zazo Rodr\u00edguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","(Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003362399","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds Alonso Berrocal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-0091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Alonso Berrocal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","(Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Documentation, C/Fco. De Vitoria 6\u201016, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020867832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83242665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"6","first_page":"763","last_page":"773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.761015772819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.7407264113426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.729729175567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5496774315834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5251491069793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4499642550945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.35959845781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29414111375808716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761015772819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7407264113426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.729729175567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5496774315834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5251491069793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4499642550945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35959845781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29414111375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eum0000000007099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000007099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.106.538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.106.538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://reina.usal.es/pub/figuerola2001automatic.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gredos3-fe.usal.es:10366/56136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10366/56136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196290","display_name":"Gredos (University of Salamanca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101788357","https://openalex.org/W187060457","https://openalex.org/W1557757161","https://openalex.org/W1602667807","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W1970945111","https://openalex.org/W1972156112","https://openalex.org/W1973700215","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1997841190","https://openalex.org/W2005422315","https://openalex.org/W2057227539","https://openalex.org/W2060216474","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2114535528","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2325227998","https://openalex.org/W2440833291","https://openalex.org/W2602961969","https://openalex.org/W2911779492","https://openalex.org/W2916042474","https://openalex.org/W4213212078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085384747","https://openalex.org/W2088166309","https://openalex.org/W1891216533","https://openalex.org/W2106071040","https://openalex.org/W1967370444","https://openalex.org/W2157408137","https://openalex.org/W2150136235","https://openalex.org/W1980762553","https://openalex.org/W4312252109","https://openalex.org/W2348093013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"categorisation":[1],"can":[2],"be":[3],"understood":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,11,92],"learning":[7],"process":[8],"during":[9],"which":[10,27],"program":[12],"recognises":[13],"the":[14,28,54,62,78,85,109],"characteristics":[15,26,63],"that":[16,37,60],"distinguish":[17],"each":[18],"category":[19],"or":[20,67],"class":[21],"from":[22],"others,":[23],"i.e.":[24],"those":[25,75],"documents":[29,48,95,104],"should":[30],"have":[31,43],"in":[32,49,96],"order":[33],"to":[34,36,77,91],"belong":[35],"category.":[38],"As":[39],"yet":[40],"few":[41],"experiments":[42],"been":[44],"carried":[45],"out":[46],"with":[47],"Spanish.":[50],"Here":[51],"we":[52],"show":[53],"possibilities":[55],"of":[56,64,69,80,87,94,103,111],"elaborating":[57],"pattern":[58],"vectors":[59],"include":[61],"different":[65],"classes":[66],"categories":[68],"documents,":[70],"using":[71],"techniques":[72,90],"based":[73],"on":[74],"applied":[76],"expansion":[79],"queries":[81],"by":[82],"relevance;":[83],"likewise,":[84],"results":[86,110],"applying":[88],"these":[89],"collection":[93,102],"Spanish":[97],"are":[98],"given.":[99],"The":[100],"same":[101],"was":[105],"categorised":[106],"manually":[107],"and":[108],"both":[112],"procedures":[113],"were":[114],"compared.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
