{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970509432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2019-0006","title":"How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load: an EEG study","display_name":"How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load: an EEG study","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970509432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2019-0006","mag":"2970509432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/el-01-2019-0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2019-0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S902750600","display_name":"The Electronic Library","issn_l":"0264-0473","issn":["0264-0473","1758-616X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Electronic Library","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/c0e696d3-c1c8-42f2-ab43-bd40e761d635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011362768","display_name":"Hosam Al\u2010Samarraie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-8989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","display_name":"Coventry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgmhj36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hosam Al-Samarraie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Media and Performing Arts, Coventry University, Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Media and Performing Arts, Coventry University, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046369017","display_name":"Atef Eldenfria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152195623","display_name":"Misurata University","ror":"https://ror.org/014fcf271","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152195623"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atef Eldenfria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Misurata University, Misrata, Libya"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Misurata University, Misrata, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152195623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088396406","display_name":"Fahed Zaqout","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153389","display_name":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah","ror":"https://ror.org/0440yjn92","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahed Zaqout","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Art and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Art and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068063707","display_name":"Melissa Lee Price","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125347698","display_name":"Babe\u0219-Bolyai University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rmd1t30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125347698"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa Lee Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Theatre and Television, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Theatre and Television, Babe\u015f-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125347698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011362768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81233919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"593","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.7933396100997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.6988577842712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6898247599601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6551393270492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.5645742416381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5484580993652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5262224674224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typography","display_name":"Typography","score":0.498248815536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4257376790046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16399291157722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08346647024154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06989264488220215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7933396100997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.6988577842712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6898247599601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6551393270492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.5645742416381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5484580993652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5262224674224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166422571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159964","display_name":"Typography","level":2,"score":0.498248815536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4257376790046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16399291157722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08346647024154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06989264488220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/el-01-2019-0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/el-01-2019-0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S902750600","display_name":"The Electronic Library","issn_l":"0264-0473","issn":["0264-0473","1758-616X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Electronic Library","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/c0e696d3-c1c8-42f2-ab43-bd40e761d635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/c0e696d3-c1c8-42f2-ab43-bd40e761d635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402411","display_name":"Pure (Coventry University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","host_organization_name":"Coventry University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Samarraie, H, Eldenfria, A, Zaqout, F & Price, M L 2019, 'How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load : an EEG study', The Electronic Library, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-01-2019-0006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c0e696d3-c1c8-42f2-ab43-bd40e761d635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071674610&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402411","display_name":"Pure (Coventry University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","host_organization_name":"Coventry University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Al-Samarraie , H , Eldenfria , A , Zaqout , F &amp; Price , M L 2019 , ' How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load : an EEG study ' , The Electronic Library , vol. 37 , no. 4 , pp. 593-606 . https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-01-2019-0006","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/c0e696d3-c1c8-42f2-ab43-bd40e761d635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/c0e696d3-c1c8-42f2-ab43-bd40e761d635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402411","display_name":"Pure (Coventry University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","host_organization_name":"Coventry University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Samarraie, H, Eldenfria, A, Zaqout, F & Price, M L 2019, 'How reading in single- and multiple-column types influence our cognitive load : an EEG study', The Electronic Library, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-01-2019-0006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23515158","https://openalex.org/W1501902378","https://openalex.org/W1599436275","https://openalex.org/W1795004830","https://openalex.org/W1967243070","https://openalex.org/W1969957454","https://openalex.org/W1974883811","https://openalex.org/W1975478113","https://openalex.org/W1980877068","https://openalex.org/W1983496959","https://openalex.org/W1993729533","https://openalex.org/W2010015254","https://openalex.org/W2011458368","https://openalex.org/W2016546280","https://openalex.org/W2018553628","https://openalex.org/W2021864022","https://openalex.org/W2036213814","https://openalex.org/W2037001467","https://openalex.org/W2040084725","https://openalex.org/W2040127838","https://openalex.org/W2059929889","https://openalex.org/W2069648306","https://openalex.org/W2078518925","https://openalex.org/W2079205642","https://openalex.org/W2081811286","https://openalex.org/W2082639297","https://openalex.org/W2082860333","https://openalex.org/W2087733543","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2098226206","https://openalex.org/W2103397311","https://openalex.org/W2128945905","https://openalex.org/W2131057562","https://openalex.org/W2137576942","https://openalex.org/W2137676413","https://openalex.org/W2142675375","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2161632259","https://openalex.org/W2165708313","https://openalex.org/W2232548624","https://openalex.org/W2313602734","https://openalex.org/W2461876883","https://openalex.org/W2552744041","https://openalex.org/W2740452622","https://openalex.org/W2752151883","https://openalex.org/W2789013551","https://openalex.org/W2921252368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135049875","https://openalex.org/W2320296373","https://openalex.org/W2263988582","https://openalex.org/W636850840","https://openalex.org/W2337829523","https://openalex.org/W2901955545","https://openalex.org/W4229837227","https://openalex.org/W4383270997","https://openalex.org/W2901951747","https://openalex.org/W2055580543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,78,135],"impact":[2,41],"of":[3,12,39,42,66,94,123],"different":[4,28,92,149],"screen-based":[5],"typography":[6],"styles":[7],"on":[8,49,130,147],"individuals\u2019":[9],"cognitive":[10,51,86,112,131,154],"processing":[11,100],"information":[13],"has":[14],"not":[15],"been":[16],"given":[17],"much":[18],"consideration":[19],"in":[20,44,84,106,125],"the":[21,36,40,63,120,142],"literature,":[22],"though":[23],"such":[24],"differences":[25],"would":[26],"imply":[27],"learning":[29],"outcomes.":[30],"This":[31],"study":[32,118],"aims":[33],"to":[34,59,140],"enrich":[35,141],"current":[37,143],"understanding":[38],"reading":[43,70,89,124],"single-":[45,72,126],"and":[46,61,73,127],"multiple-column":[47,128],"types":[48,93,129],"students\u2019":[50,85],"processing.":[52],"Design/methodology/approach":[53],"An":[54],"electroencephalogram":[55],"(EEG)":[56],"was":[57,104],"used":[58,139],"record":[60],"analyze":[62],"brain":[64],"signals":[65],"27":[67],"students":[68,97],"while":[69],"from":[71,91],"multiple-":[74],"column":[75],"layouts.":[76],"Findings":[77],"results":[79],"showed":[80],"a":[81],"significant":[82],"difference":[83],"load":[87,132],"when":[88,102],"text":[90,103],"columns.":[95],"All":[96],"exerted":[98],"less":[99,111],"efforts":[101],"presented":[105],"two-column":[107],"format,":[108],"thus":[109],"experiencing":[110],"load.":[113],"Originality/value":[114],"Using":[115],"EEG,":[116],"this":[117],"examined":[119],"neural":[121],"consequences":[122],"during":[133],"reading.":[134],"findings":[136],"can":[137],"be":[138],"instructional":[144],"design":[145],"practices":[146],"how":[148],"typographical":[150],"formats":[151],"facilitate":[152],"learners\u2019":[153],"performance.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
