{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080791372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb026739","title":"OUTLINE OF A GENERAL PROBABILISTIC RETRIEVAL MODEL","display_name":"OUTLINE OF A GENERAL PROBABILISTIC RETRIEVAL MODEL","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080791372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb026739","mag":"2080791372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb026739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb026739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008265749","display_name":"Abraham Bookstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ABRAHAM BOOKSTEIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago","University-of Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University-of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008265749"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92615465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"63","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.8191419243812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence-from-randomness-model","display_name":"Divergence-from-randomness model","score":0.7734500169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7464239001274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7323815822601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7044133543968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-relevance-model","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","score":0.6536003351211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6118053793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6014630198478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5307310223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5028597712516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.41588127613067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3472015857696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33768072724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3346225619316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26062625646591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-analysis-of-algorithms","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","score":0.14874103665351868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.8191419243812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149189445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283894","display_name":"Divergence-from-randomness model","level":3,"score":0.7734500169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7464239001274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7323815822601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7044133543968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143017306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318133","display_name":"Probabilistic relevance model","level":4,"score":0.6536003351211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6118053793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6014630198478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5307310223579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5028597712516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.41588127613067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3472015857696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33768072724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3346225619316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26062625646591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24404364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246846","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","level":3,"score":0.14874103665351868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb026739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb026739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322509","display_name":"Kungliga Tekniska H\u00f6gskolan","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966365186","https://openalex.org/W2006764947","https://openalex.org/W2014973549","https://openalex.org/W2020443676","https://openalex.org/W2039798050","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2129094996","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2151433603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W3149394920","https://openalex.org/W4238495367","https://openalex.org/W2345647014","https://openalex.org/W2105402307","https://openalex.org/W2201192772","https://openalex.org/W2039139411","https://openalex.org/W2056381839","https://openalex.org/W2950416039","https://openalex.org/W3136891595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"reasons":[1],"of":[2,48,56,67,71],"technical":[3],"convenience,":[4],"current":[5],"retrieval":[6],"algorithms":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"probabilistic":[10],"reasoning":[11],"are":[12],"derived":[13],"from":[14],"models":[15],"that":[16,57],"assume":[17],"patrons":[18],"evaluate":[19],"documents":[20],"using":[21],"a":[22,34,38,46,53,63],"two":[23],"value":[24],"relevance":[25,41],"scale.":[26,42],"This":[27,43],"paper":[28],"extends":[29],"the":[30,49,68,72],"theory":[31,51],"by":[32],"describing":[33],"model":[35,44],"which":[36],"includes":[37],"more":[39,64],"general":[40],"permits":[45],"re\u2010examination":[47],"earlier":[50,73],"as":[52],"special":[54],"case":[55],"developed":[58],"here":[59],"and":[60],"leads":[61],"to":[62],"satisfying":[65],"interpretation":[66],"ranking":[69],"principle":[70],"models.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}