{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4251129424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb024696","title":"VIRTUAL COMMUNITY","display_name":"VIRTUAL COMMUNITY","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4251129424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb024696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb024696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb024696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177263","display_name":"Online and CD-Rom Review","issn_l":"1353-2642","issn":["1353-2642","2396-9105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Online and CD-Rom Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071813657","display_name":"Brian McKenna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-9787"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian McKenna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071813657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62074373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"399","last_page":"402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12953","display_name":"Critical Realism in Sociology","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5896143913269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-community","display_name":"Virtual community","score":0.5850726366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5759495496749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5553433895111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-community","display_name":"Sense of community","score":0.5437936782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.5208252668380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collocation","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","score":0.4781854450702667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-sense","display_name":"Common sense","score":0.4683619737625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.43400678038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.41346976161003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.34143710136413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.3344815969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.27912139892578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.25462549924850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.19005870819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.1873798370361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16982698440551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.16946318745613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1050829291343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08138281106948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5896143913269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777756574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210980","display_name":"Virtual community","level":3,"score":0.5850726366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5759495496749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5553433895111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779942219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451000","display_name":"Sense of community","level":2,"score":0.5437936782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5208252668380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80023036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147531","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","level":2,"score":0.4781854450702667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332880","display_name":"Common sense","level":2,"score":0.4683619737625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.43400678038597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41346976161003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.34143710136413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3344815969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27912139892578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.25462549924850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19005870819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1873798370361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16982698440551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16946318745613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1050829291343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08138281106948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb024696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb024696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177263","display_name":"Online and CD-Rom Review","issn_l":"1353-2642","issn":["1353-2642","2396-9105"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Online and CD-Rom Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495038747","https://openalex.org/W1564810245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965958460","https://openalex.org/W1513615139","https://openalex.org/W1891526978","https://openalex.org/W2167333310","https://openalex.org/W2536297933","https://openalex.org/W179615970","https://openalex.org/W4384302884","https://openalex.org/W2340814042","https://openalex.org/W4247201070","https://openalex.org/W2096078348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"collocation":[1],"\u2018virtual":[2],"community\u2019":[3],"yokes":[4],"together":[5],"a":[6,16,35],"hyper\u2010modern":[7],"concept":[8],"(the":[9],"virtual,":[10],"in":[11,21,31,69,107],"the":[12,22,25,50,59,66,102,105,108,111,119],"cyberspatial":[13],"sense),":[14],"and":[15,33],"more":[17,76,90,92],"ancient":[18],"one":[19],"(community,":[20],"sense":[23,36,84],"of":[24,27,37,58,85,98,110],"quality":[26],"people":[28],"holding":[29],"something":[30],"common,":[32],"possessing":[34],"common":[38],"identity).":[39],"In":[40],"Keywords,":[41],"British":[42],"socialist":[43],"intellectual":[44],"Raymond":[45],"Williams":[46,114],"recounts":[47],"that":[48,123],"from":[49,65],"seventeenth":[51],"century":[52],"(in":[53],"English)":[54],"\u2018there":[55],"are":[56],"signs":[57],"distinction":[60],"which":[61,70],"became":[62],"especially":[63],"important":[64],"nineteenth":[67],"century,":[68],"community":[71,86],"was":[72],"felt":[73],"to":[74],"be":[75],"immediate":[77],"than":[78,94],"society\u2019.":[79],"(Williams":[80],"1976":[81],"p.65)":[82],"This":[83],"as":[87],"being":[88],"somehow":[89],"organic,":[91],"human":[93],"externally":[95],"imposed":[96],"forms":[97],"social":[99],"organization":[100],"informs":[101],"discussion":[103],"around":[104],"word":[106,120],"context":[109],"Internet,":[112],"too.":[113],"concludes":[115],"his":[116],"essay":[117],"on":[118],"by":[121],"remarking":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}