{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995810471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780910939273","title":"An improved pattern matching technique for lossy/lossless compression of binary printed Farsi and Arabic textual images","display_name":"An improved pattern matching technique for lossy/lossless compression of binary printed Farsi and Arabic textual images","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995810471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780910939273","mag":"1995810471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17563780910939273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780910939273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124503262","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","issn_l":"1756-378X","issn":["1756-378X","1756-3798"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079284416","display_name":"Hadi Grailu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-969X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Grailu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","(Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065308086","display_name":"Mojtaba Lotfizad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Lotfizad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064885254","display_name":"Hadi Sadoghi Yazdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166348","display_name":"Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05tgdvt16","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166348"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Sadoghi\u2010Yazdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Tarbiat Moallem University of Sabzevar, Sabzevar, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Tarbiat Moallem University of Sabzevar, Sabzevar, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079284416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79051476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"120","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.8434799313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.7782809138298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7374180555343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain-code","display_name":"Chain code","score":0.6791784763336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.508148193359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.49650341272354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4772781729698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45077183842658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4275514483451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.4240989089012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.4127092957496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3044555187225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.261208713054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2376633584499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21172016859054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1638326644897461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.8434799313545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.7782809138298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7374180555343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93058836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453572","display_name":"Chain code","level":3,"score":0.6791784763336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.508148193359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.49650341272354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4772781729698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45077183842658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4275514483451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.4240989089012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.4127092957496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3044555187225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.261208713054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2376633584499359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21172016859054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1638326644897461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17563780910939273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780910939273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124503262","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","issn_l":"1756-378X","issn":["1756-378X","1756-3798"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128011430","https://openalex.org/W142417105","https://openalex.org/W616767364","https://openalex.org/W1041311137","https://openalex.org/W1483273738","https://openalex.org/W1506387139","https://openalex.org/W1544853624","https://openalex.org/W1559689999","https://openalex.org/W1572929865","https://openalex.org/W1605129259","https://openalex.org/W1634005169","https://openalex.org/W1782143162","https://openalex.org/W1917274634","https://openalex.org/W1974451129","https://openalex.org/W1981506454","https://openalex.org/W1998446919","https://openalex.org/W2007234887","https://openalex.org/W2015575399","https://openalex.org/W2023232322","https://openalex.org/W2027176594","https://openalex.org/W2042455828","https://openalex.org/W2073640678","https://openalex.org/W2096877005","https://openalex.org/W2097788345","https://openalex.org/W2103261738","https://openalex.org/W2142950913","https://openalex.org/W2149306194","https://openalex.org/W2156938705","https://openalex.org/W2167211997","https://openalex.org/W2169786363","https://openalex.org/W2913251172","https://openalex.org/W2983989236","https://openalex.org/W3172363867","https://openalex.org/W4236425487","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6684496755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210332869","https://openalex.org/W4327499886","https://openalex.org/W4294006383","https://openalex.org/W3202870363","https://openalex.org/W1680283075","https://openalex.org/W2115343698","https://openalex.org/W2380116549","https://openalex.org/W2096442341","https://openalex.org/W2386792074","https://openalex.org/W3180760233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,97,139,159,192,269,294],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,51,63,91,105,115,174,180,183,189,210,222,232,241,327,332,345],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"is":[6,66,86,236],"to":[7,30,119,127,219],"propose":[8],"a":[9,80,298],"lossy/lossless":[10],"binary":[11,245,285],"textual":[12,246,279,288,314],"image":[13,247,315],"compression":[14,157,230,248,271,316,337],"method":[15,141,209,235,296],"based":[16],"on":[17,112],"an":[18],"improved":[19],"pattern":[20,83,117],"matching":[21],"(PM)":[22],"technique.":[23],"Design/methodology/approach":[24],"In":[25,125],"the":[26,31,61,73,113,116,129,132,136,146,156,167,187,190,196,202,207,212,229,233,242,256,263,284,308,312,325,336,343,347,352],"Farsi/Arabic":[27],"script,":[28,34],"contrary":[29],"printed":[32,286],"Latin":[33],"letters":[35],"usually":[36],"attach":[37],"together":[38],"and":[39,70,95,108,177,185,201,259,277,303,354],"produce":[40],"various":[41],"patterns.":[42,191],"Hence,":[43],"some":[44,52,164],"patterns":[45,92,176,214],"are":[46,57,273,290],"fully":[47,74],"or":[48,75,318,329],"partially":[49,76],"subsets":[50],"others.":[53],"Two":[54],"new":[55,81,98],"ideas":[56],"proposed":[58,87,140,208,234,295],"here.":[59],"First,":[60],"number":[62,130],"library":[64],"prototypes":[65,333],"reduced":[67],"by":[68],"detecting":[69],"then":[71],"removing":[72],"similar":[77],"prototypes.":[78],"Second,":[79],"effective":[82,123],"encoding":[84,99],"scheme":[85,100],"for":[88,145,215,275,301,334,339],"all":[89],"types":[90],"including":[93],"text":[94],"graphics.":[96],"has":[101,142,297,358],"two":[102],"operation":[103],"modes":[104],"chain":[106,121,168],"coding":[107,356],"soft":[109],"PM,":[110],"depending":[111],"ratio":[114,300,338],"area":[118],"its":[120,152],"code":[122,169],"length.":[124],"order":[126],"encode":[128],"sequences,":[131],"authors":[133],"have":[134,320],"modified":[135],"multi\u2010symbol":[137],"QM\u2010coder.":[138],"three":[143],"levels":[144],"lossy":[147,257],"compression.":[148],"Each":[149],"level,":[150],"in":[151,166,255,262],"turn,":[153],"further":[154],"increases":[155],"ratio.":[158],"first":[160],"level":[161,194,204],"includes":[162,195,205],"applying":[163],"processing":[165],"domain":[170],"such":[171],"as":[172,250,252],"omission":[173,179],"small":[175],"holes,":[178],"inner":[181],"holes":[182],"characters,":[184],"smoothing":[186],"boundaries":[188],"second":[193],"selective":[197],"pixel":[198],"reversal":[199],"technique,":[200],"third":[203],"using":[206],"prioritizing":[211],"residual":[213],"encoding,":[216],"with":[217,351],"respect":[218],"their":[220],"degree":[221],"compactness.":[223],"Findings":[224],"Experimental":[225],"results":[226],"show":[227],"that":[228,240],"performance":[231],"considerably":[237],"better":[238],"than":[239],"best":[243,310],"existing":[244,313],"methods":[249,317,350],"high":[251],"1.6\u20103":[253],"times":[254,261],"case":[258,265],"1.3\u20102.4":[260],"lossless":[264],"at":[266],"300":[267],"dpi.":[268],"maximum":[270],"ratios":[272],"achieved":[274],"Farsi":[276],"Arabic":[278],"images.":[280],"Research":[281],"limitations/implications":[282],"Only":[283],"typeset":[287],"images":[289],"considered.":[291],"Practical":[292],"implications":[293],"high\u2010compression":[299],"archiving":[302],"storage":[304],"applications.":[305],"Originality/value":[306],"To":[307],"authors'":[309],"knowledge,":[311],"standards":[319],"not":[321,359],"so":[322,360],"far":[323,361],"exploited":[324],"property":[326],"full":[328],"partial":[330],"similarity":[331],"increasing":[335],"any":[340],"scripts.":[341],"Also,":[342],"idea":[344],"combining":[346],"boundary":[348],"description":[349],"run\u2010length":[353],"arithmetic":[355],"techniques":[357],"been":[362],"used.":[363]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
