{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064707426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780810893437","title":"Structuralism? Functionalism? Behaviorism? Or mechanism? Looking for a better approach to AI","display_name":"Structuralism? Functionalism? Behaviorism? Or mechanism? Looking for a better approach to AI","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064707426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780810893437","mag":"2064707426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17563780810893437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780810893437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124503262","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","issn_l":"1756-378X","issn":["1756-378X","1756-3798"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101037440","display_name":"Yixin Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China","(School of Information Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(School of Information Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101037440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08435596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"325","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.799924373626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6683188080787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behaviorism","display_name":"Behaviorism","score":0.5880810022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.5739384293556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5360178351402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.46591973304748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functionalism","display_name":"Functionalism (philosophy of mind)","score":0.4639778733253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-problem","display_name":"Frame problem","score":0.41196727752685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.332466185092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.19038274884223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity","display_name":"Creativity","score":0.12196233868598938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.799924373626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6683188080787659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79053195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behaviorism","level":2,"score":0.5880810022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.5739384293556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5360178351402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.46591973304748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43252294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377166","display_name":"Functionalism (philosophy of mind)","level":2,"score":0.4639778733253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5065155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185775","display_name":"Frame problem","level":2,"score":0.41196727752685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.332466185092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19038274884223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.12196233868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17563780810893437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17563780810893437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124503262","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","issn_l":"1756-378X","issn":["1756-378X","1756-3798"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22297218","https://openalex.org/W1507591516","https://openalex.org/W1535810436","https://openalex.org/W1551095406","https://openalex.org/W1555515018","https://openalex.org/W1566211337","https://openalex.org/W1923807516","https://openalex.org/W1968243146","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2005004006","https://openalex.org/W2027728087","https://openalex.org/W2034902322","https://openalex.org/W2035552233","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2097856935","https://openalex.org/W2100738443","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2329029318","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2735575534","https://openalex.org/W4252311371","https://openalex.org/W6632223199","https://openalex.org/W6633996426","https://openalex.org/W6640170060","https://openalex.org/W6651518430","https://openalex.org/W6659450742","https://openalex.org/W6675452224","https://openalex.org/W6818983093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041415459","https://openalex.org/W2593155302","https://openalex.org/W2072812638","https://openalex.org/W2004335453","https://openalex.org/W2067457691","https://openalex.org/W3124759053","https://openalex.org/W1997797739","https://openalex.org/W2155869941","https://openalex.org/W2385410474","https://openalex.org/W4312868978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Research":[1],"of":[2,15,53,70,155,167,177,197,219,235,251,258,275,283],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4,156,168,198],"(AI),":[5],"has":[6],"aimed":[7,31],"at":[8,32],"making":[9],"machines":[10],"intelligent":[11,179],"via":[12],"the":[13,22,71,106,109,120,123,129,137,145,150,162,165,192,204,212,220,233,236,244,246,249,252,256,259,271,276,295],"simulation":[14],"natural":[16],"intelligence,":[17],"particularly":[18],"human":[19],"intelligence.":[20],"During":[21],"past":[23],"decades,":[24],"there":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27],"three":[28,72,213,241,261],"major":[29,73,262],"approaches":[30,74,111,125,215],"achieving":[33],"this":[34,54],"goal,":[35],"namely":[36],"structuralism,":[37],"functionalism":[38],"and":[39,45,61,80,91,117,140,152,194,226,255,289],"behaviorism.":[40],"Unfortunately,":[41],"they":[42],"work":[43],"separately":[44],"contradictorily":[46],"to":[47,57,75,87,95,103,161,279,286,297],"a":[48,59,89],"large":[49],"extent.":[50],"The":[51,66,97,207,240,273],"purpose":[52],"paper":[55,67],"is":[56,144,159,170,210],"present":[58],"better":[60],"more":[62,92,138,141,172],"unified":[63,231],"approach.":[64,238],"Design/methodology/approach":[65],"analyses":[68],"each":[69],"AI,":[76],"describing":[77],"their":[78],"advantages":[79],"disadvantages.":[81],"There":[82],"then":[83],"follows":[84],"an":[85,178],"attempt":[86],"explore":[88],"new":[90,98],"reasonable":[93,139],"approach":[94,99,143,222,278],"AI.":[96],"should":[100],"be":[101,201,229,282],"able":[102],"solve":[104,113,119,127],"all":[105],"problems":[107,121],"that":[108,122,136,147,164,191,211],"existing":[110,124,214],"can":[112,118,200,227],"on":[114,128],"one":[115,146],"hand":[116],"cannot":[126],"other":[130,175],"hand.":[131],"Findings":[132],"It":[133,187],"was":[134,188],"found":[135,190,268],"powerful":[142],"directly":[148],"touches":[149],"common":[151,193],"core":[153,195],"mechanism":[154,166,196,221,237,247,253,277],"formation.":[157],"This":[158],"due":[160],"fact":[163],"formation":[169,199],"much":[171],"essential":[173],"than":[174],"windows":[176],"system,":[180],"such":[181],"as":[182],"structure,":[183],"function,":[184],"or":[185],"behavior.":[186],"also":[189],"implemented":[202],"through":[203],"information\u2010knowledge\u2010intelligence":[205],"transformation.":[206],"third":[208],"finding":[209],"are":[216,264],"special":[217],"cases":[218],"under":[223],"different":[224],"conditions":[225],"thus":[228],"harmoniously":[230],"within":[232],"frame":[234],"Originality/value":[239],"findings":[242],"in":[243,270,292,294],"paper:":[245],"approach,":[248,254],"implementation":[250],"unification":[257],"existed":[260],"approaches,":[263],"important":[265],"laws":[266],"never":[267],"before":[269],"literature.":[272],"breakthrough":[274],"AI":[280,293],"will":[281],"great":[284],"significance":[285],"both":[287],"theoretical":[288],"practical":[290],"research":[291],"years":[296],"come.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}