{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092232361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520510628909","title":"Revolutionising the voting process through online strategies","display_name":"Revolutionising the voting process through online strategies","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092232361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520510628909","mag":"2092232361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/14684520510628909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520510628909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S931548824","display_name":"Online Information Review","issn_l":"1468-4527","issn":["1468-4527","1468-4535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Online Information Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102911704","display_name":"Alan D. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-8266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178605575","display_name":"Robert Morris University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r24vd05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan D. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Morris University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Morris University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039362275","display_name":"John Spencer Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1270-0736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178605575","display_name":"Robert Morris University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r24vd05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John S. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Morris University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Morris University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102911704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87084871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"513","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.8205893635749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.6539744734764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polling","display_name":"Polling","score":0.6412398219108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot","display_name":"Ballot","score":0.5973273515701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5930777192115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5776556730270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5054256916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49226728081703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disapproval-voting","display_name":"Disapproval voting","score":0.48389872908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-voting-systems","display_name":"Cardinal voting systems","score":0.4420483708381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3241196572780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2212201952934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1958169937133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.08145365118980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07156762480735779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8205893635749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.6539744734764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204854418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362921","display_name":"Polling","level":2,"score":0.6412398219108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.5973273515701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5930777192115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5776556730270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5054256916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49226728081703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117763746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281306","display_name":"Disapproval voting","level":4,"score":0.48389872908592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167654663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038645","display_name":"Cardinal voting systems","level":4,"score":0.4420483708381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3241196572780609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2212201952934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1958169937133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08145365118980408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07156762480735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/14684520510628909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520510628909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S931548824","display_name":"Online Information Review","issn_l":"1468-4527","issn":["1468-4527","1468-4535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Online Information Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1238626041","https://openalex.org/W1586719651","https://openalex.org/W1587172131","https://openalex.org/W1598587844","https://openalex.org/W1624319373","https://openalex.org/W1659180307","https://openalex.org/W1968594401","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W2004549357","https://openalex.org/W2015547779","https://openalex.org/W2020038195","https://openalex.org/W2029695325","https://openalex.org/W2066278608","https://openalex.org/W2080539853","https://openalex.org/W2084937952","https://openalex.org/W2097525442","https://openalex.org/W2174050127","https://openalex.org/W2185422336","https://openalex.org/W6922550119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285182480","https://openalex.org/W2160708112","https://openalex.org/W1969494152","https://openalex.org/W2905769398","https://openalex.org/W2001663543","https://openalex.org/W3108317354","https://openalex.org/W2189092919","https://openalex.org/W52547160","https://openalex.org/W2342359124","https://openalex.org/W2505855278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"To":[1],"provide":[2],"practitioners":[3],"of":[4,21,24,59,64,92,96,124,140,280,310,349,362],"information":[5],"management":[6],"with":[7,18,26,73,76,220,238,293],"an":[8],"overview":[9],"and":[10,53,108,131,135,163,171,252,277,308,342,347,351,354],"framework":[11],"to":[12,56,113,160,263,315,323],"explore":[13],"the":[14,19,31,40,45,57,65,93,102,110,122,129,132,144,153,168,177,192,217,223,234,244,253,268,270,294,306,313,331,363],"various":[15],"controversies":[16,218],"associated":[17,75,219,237],"methods":[20,23,72,292],"traditional":[22],"voting":[25,29,71,116,226,265,291,367],"electronically":[27,69,289],"enhanced":[28,70,290],"via":[30,152],"internet":[32,77,154,172,208,298],"(I\u2010voting).":[33],"The":[34],"current":[35,225],"paper":[36],"is":[37,44,213,272,321,358],"centered":[38],"on":[39,68],"assumption":[41],"that":[42,181,228,320,366],"I\u2010voting":[43,99,118,186,352],"next":[46],"logical":[47],"step":[48],"in":[49,86,143,191,230,267,339,377],"applying":[50],"online":[51,239,368],"information\u2010gathering":[52],"retrieval":[54],"technologies":[55],"field":[58],"e\u2010government.":[60],"Design/methodology/approach":[61],"A":[62],"review":[63],"applied":[66],"literature":[67],"potentials":[74],"voting,":[78],"as":[79,81,211],"well":[80],"from":[82,155,233,326],"practical":[83],"experience,":[84],"resulted":[85],"a":[87,156,188,203,274,318,359,378],"basic":[88,360],"model":[89],"for":[90,104,115,137,243,345],"discussion":[91],"emergent":[94],"nature":[95],"I\u2010voting.":[97],"Findings":[98],"would":[100],"reduce":[101,121],"cost":[103],"staffing":[105],"polling":[106,165],"stations,":[107],"also":[109,120],"funds":[111],"needed":[112],"pay":[114],"machines.":[117],"could":[119,149],"number":[123],"errors":[125],"made":[126],"by":[127],"both":[128],"voters":[130],"electoral":[133],"administrators,":[134],"allow":[136],"easier":[138],"adoption":[139],"uniform":[141],"standards":[142,344],"ballot":[145],"format,":[146],"since":[147],"it":[148],"be":[150,176,183,198,336,375],"transmitted":[151],"central":[157],"election":[158,221],"agency":[159],"all":[161],"local":[162],"regional":[164],"places.":[166],"Bridging":[167],"digital":[169],"divide":[170],"security":[173,324],"issues":[174],"may":[175,197],"most":[178,245],"important":[179],"barriers":[180],"must":[182],"overcome":[184],"if":[185,200],"becomes":[187],"viable":[189],"option":[190],"USA.":[193],"Research":[194],"limitations/implications":[195],"It":[196,357],"years,":[199],"ever,":[201],"before":[202],"truly":[204],"secure,":[205],"relatively":[206,258],"risk\u2010free":[207],"service,":[209],"such":[210],"I\u2010voting,":[212],"developed.":[214],"However,":[215],"despite":[216],"fraud,":[222],"numerous":[224],"systems":[227,255,353],"are":[229,256,285,302],"place":[231],"suffer":[232],"same":[235],"problems":[236],"informational":[240],"exchanges;":[241],"but,":[242],"part,":[246],"nations":[247,284],"still":[248,257],"conduct":[249],"their":[250,355],"businesses":[251],"political":[254],"stable.":[259],"Practical":[260],"implications":[261],"Owing":[262],"recent":[264],"d\u00e9b\u00e2cles":[266],"USA,":[269],"public":[271],"demanding":[273],"more":[275,287],"reliable":[276],"secure":[278],"method":[279],"voting.":[281,299],"Currently,":[282],"many":[283],"moving":[286],"toward":[288],"long\u2010term":[295],"goal":[296],"being":[297],"Unfortunately,":[300],"there":[301,334],"heated":[303],"debates":[304],"about":[305],"pros":[307],"cons":[309],"handing":[311],"over":[312],"right":[314],"vote,":[316],"using":[317],"system":[319],"prone":[322],"risks":[325],"outside":[327],"sources.":[328],"Originality/value":[329],"In":[330],"short":[332],"term,":[333],"should":[335],"increased":[337],"interest":[338],"establishing":[340],"national":[341],"international":[343],"testing":[346],"certification":[348],"electronic":[350],"IT\u2010infrastructure.":[356],"premise":[361],"present":[364],"study":[365],"increases":[369],"voter":[370],"participation,":[371],"which":[372],"can":[373],"only":[374],"viewed":[376],"positive":[379],"light.":[380]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}