{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999010619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14637159710161567","title":"Goal\u2010based business process models: creation and evaluation","display_name":"Goal\u2010based business process models: creation and evaluation","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999010619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14637159710161567","mag":"1999010619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/14637159710161567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14637159710161567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2508752","display_name":"Business Process Management Journal","issn_l":"1463-7154","issn":["1463-7154","1758-4116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Process Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030001267","display_name":"Peter Kueng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kueng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Informatics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland","(Institute of Informatics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Institute of Informatics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050959724","display_name":"Peter Kawalek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-7745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kawalek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Process Group, University of Manchester, UK","IMP Business Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Process Group, University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMP Business Economics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030001267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":221,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96545139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9254999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.761946976184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.6884636878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6620978116989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.6306557655334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact-centric-business-process-model","display_name":"Artifact-centric business process model","score":0.5684588551521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process","display_name":"Business process","score":0.5620701313018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-modeling","display_name":"Business process modeling","score":0.5497987866401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-modeling","display_name":"Process modeling","score":0.5237588882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-management","display_name":"Business process management","score":0.50091552734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-discovery","display_name":"Business process discovery","score":0.49097588658332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.40898218750953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.36376452445983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3520270586013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.27348247170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.15512070059776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10701045393943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1015811562538147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761946976184845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6884636878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6620978116989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.6306557655334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162754035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006331","display_name":"Artifact-centric business process model","level":5,"score":0.5684588551521301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85345410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851587","display_name":"Business process","level":3,"score":0.5620701313018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207505557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374012","display_name":"Business process modeling","level":4,"score":0.5497987866401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76956256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27610560","display_name":"Process modeling","level":3,"score":0.5237588882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80309976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7007379","display_name":"Business process management","level":4,"score":0.50091552734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93453677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1017580","display_name":"Business process discovery","level":5,"score":0.49097588658332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.40898218750953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36376452445983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3520270586013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.27348247170448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.15512070059776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10701045393943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1015811562538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/14637159710161567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/14637159710161567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2508752","display_name":"Business Process Management Journal","issn_l":"1463-7154","issn":["1463-7154","1758-4116"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Business Process Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/d37f3c6e-fcb4-427c-a33b-4ab2028fd742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/d37f3c6e-fcb4-427c-a33b-4ab2028fd742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kueng, P & Kawalek, P 1997, 'Goal Based Business Process Models: Creation and Evaluation', Business Process Reengineering and Management Journal, vol. 3 (1). < http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=84987132&Fmt=7&clientId=44986&RQT=309&VName=PQD >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.52.463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.52.463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp-iiuf.unifr.ch/pub/Information_Systems/KuKa96.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.55.7470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.55.7470","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2-iiuf.unifr.ch/is/peter/KuKa96.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/d37f3c6e-fcb4-427c-a33b-4ab2028fd742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/goal-based-business-process-models-creation-and-evaluation(d37f3c6e-fcb4-427c-a33b-4ab2028fd742).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kueng, P & Kawalek, P 1997, 'Goal Based Business Process Models: Creation and Evaluation', Business Process Reengineering and Management Journal, vol. 3 (1). < http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=84987132&Fmt=7&clientId=44986&RQT=309&VName=PQD >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20611438","https://openalex.org/W39770483","https://openalex.org/W44394277","https://openalex.org/W608816696","https://openalex.org/W1505367106","https://openalex.org/W1566478880","https://openalex.org/W1570543497","https://openalex.org/W1605701154","https://openalex.org/W1607406295","https://openalex.org/W1846250759","https://openalex.org/W2002882778","https://openalex.org/W2003325800","https://openalex.org/W2003542868","https://openalex.org/W2005497495","https://openalex.org/W2105062511","https://openalex.org/W2126430355","https://openalex.org/W2169756524","https://openalex.org/W2170458329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184258672","https://openalex.org/W2066228984","https://openalex.org/W2465234653","https://openalex.org/W4240301354","https://openalex.org/W2186638088","https://openalex.org/W2505673002","https://openalex.org/W2999942143","https://openalex.org/W1488157296","https://openalex.org/W4361865022","https://openalex.org/W1557997479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112],"paper":[1],"gives":[2],"an":[3,6,26,69,86],"overview":[4],"of":[5,47,88,114],"approach":[7],"to":[8,24,83],"modelling":[9],"and":[10,31,116],"evaluating":[11],"business":[12,28,33,50,90],"processes":[13],"at":[14,101],"conceptual":[15],"level.":[16,103],"We":[17],"show":[18],"which":[19],"steps":[20],"would":[21],"be":[22,37,66,94],"needed":[23],"create":[25],"object-oriented":[27],"process":[29,34,51,91],"model,":[30],"how":[32],"models":[35,52,78],"can":[36,65,92],"evaluated":[38],"against":[39],"nonfunctional":[40],"goals.":[41],"Overall,":[42],"we":[43,81],"get":[44],"some":[45],"kind":[46],"guarantee":[48],"that":[49,85],"are":[53,79],"useful.":[54],"They":[55],"facilitate":[56],"not":[57],"only":[58,93],"the":[59],"communication":[60],"between":[61],"team":[62],"members,":[63],"they":[64],"seen":[67],"as":[68],"essential":[70],"prerequisite":[71],"for":[72],"information":[73],"system":[74],"developers.":[75],"Nevertheless,":[76],"although":[77],"useful":[80],"have":[82],"accept":[84],"evaluation":[87],"a":[89],"partial":[95],"if":[96],"it":[97],"is":[98],"carried":[99],"out":[100],"model":[102],"Contents":[104],"1":[105],"Introduction.................................................................................................................................":[106],"2":[107,108],"Definitions...................................................................................................................................":[109],"3":[110,111],"significance":[113],"goals":[115],"mode...":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}