{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979188175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09593840911002469","title":"Standardization as open innovation: two cases from the mobile industry","display_name":"Standardization as open innovation: two cases from the mobile industry","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979188175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09593840911002469","mag":"1979188175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/09593840911002469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09593840911002469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185256354","display_name":"Information Technology and People","issn_l":"0959-3845","issn":["0959-3845","1758-5813"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology &amp; People","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066964873","display_name":"Endre Gr\u00f8tnes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Endre Gr\u00f8tnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Department of Informatics University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066964873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.0586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9851237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"367","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.8452842235565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-innovation","display_name":"Open innovation","score":0.8429807424545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.6939865946769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alliance","display_name":"Alliance","score":0.661416232585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/originality","display_name":"Originality","score":0.6242272853851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"Commercialization","score":0.555593729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5544226169586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4835657775402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.4755042493343353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.449604332447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3900474011898041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.37493687868118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.37327927350997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.3690967559814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.10322022438049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0947549045085907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.8452842235565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148415826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469997","display_name":"Open innovation","level":2,"score":0.8429807424545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.6939865946769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878249","display_name":"Alliance","level":2,"score":0.661416232585907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.6242272853851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.555593729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5544226169586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4835657775402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4755042493343353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.449604332447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3900474011898041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.37493687868118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.37327927350997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3690967559814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.10322022438049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0947549045085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/09593840911002469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09593840911002469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185256354","display_name":"Information Technology and People","issn_l":"0959-3845","issn":["0959-3845","1758-5813"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology &amp; People","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21994910","https://openalex.org/W83757816","https://openalex.org/W119316302","https://openalex.org/W1501527461","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1536757084","https://openalex.org/W1544121820","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1965372404","https://openalex.org/W1969386404","https://openalex.org/W1971184753","https://openalex.org/W1974383781","https://openalex.org/W1995525016","https://openalex.org/W2013675601","https://openalex.org/W2014647288","https://openalex.org/W2020254916","https://openalex.org/W2025903974","https://openalex.org/W2050401924","https://openalex.org/W2062232887","https://openalex.org/W2081867263","https://openalex.org/W2082298179","https://openalex.org/W2095561982","https://openalex.org/W2109412263","https://openalex.org/W2129998937","https://openalex.org/W2137801612","https://openalex.org/W2141274032","https://openalex.org/W2152963130","https://openalex.org/W2298076423","https://openalex.org/W2489341798","https://openalex.org/W2604301546","https://openalex.org/W2956002280","https://openalex.org/W3129398775","https://openalex.org/W4388169926","https://openalex.org/W4388170598","https://openalex.org/W6631584819","https://openalex.org/W6680761928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363788573","https://openalex.org/W4387859829","https://openalex.org/W2051523935","https://openalex.org/W2766565215","https://openalex.org/W3133678476","https://openalex.org/W2791309541","https://openalex.org/W3122116788","https://openalex.org/W2005640474","https://openalex.org/W1427973557","https://openalex.org/W2739387846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,17,50,68,113,152,180,195,206],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,160,191,221,235],"the":[4,44,53,59,64,81,120,132,135,150,161,169,184,200,219,228,233],"paper":[5,207],"is":[6,19],"to":[7,20,32,42,79,92,98],"introduce":[8],"standardization":[9,29,190],"as":[10,211],"a":[11,99,103,123,141,212],"neutral":[12,213],"arena":[13,214],"for":[14,202,215],"open":[15,26,34,47,83,90,209,216,236],"innovation.":[16],"aim":[18],"show":[21,80],"that":[22],"different":[23,33,82,156],"policies":[24],"towards":[25,158,230],"membership":[27,96,106,231],"in":[28,46,119,131,149],"initiatives":[30],"lead":[31,115,137],"innovation":[35,48,84,91,210,217,237],"processes.":[36,49,112,238],"Design/methodology/approach":[37],"Two":[38],"cases":[39,51,88,154,181],"are":[40,52,77,128,146,182],"used":[41,78],"illustrate":[43],"differences":[45],"Android":[54,163],"mobile":[55],"operating":[56],"system":[57],"and":[58,75,110,187],"service":[60],"platform":[61],"developed":[62],"by":[63,73,116,138],"Open":[65,95,170],"Mobile":[66,171],"Alliance.":[67],"core":[69],"process":[70,124,142],"types":[71],"introduced":[72,129,147],"Gassmann":[74],"Enkel":[76],"approaches.":[85],"Findings":[86],"Both":[87],"use":[89],"create":[93],"standards.":[94],"leads":[97],"coupled":[100],"process,":[101,133],"while":[102,134,168],"more":[104],"restricted":[105],"gives":[107],"separate":[108],"inside-out":[109],"outside-in":[111],"case":[114,136],"established":[117],"firms":[118],"industry":[121],"has":[122,140],"where":[125,143],"radical":[126,144],"innovations":[127,145],"early":[130],"newcomers":[139],"late":[148],"process.":[151],"two":[153],"have":[155],"approaches":[157],"commercialization":[159],"products.":[162],"relies":[164,173],"on":[165,174,189],"third-party":[166],"developers,":[167],"Alliance":[172],"their":[175],"own":[176],"members.":[177],"Research":[178],"limitations/implications":[179],"from":[183],"telecommunication":[185],"sector":[186],"based":[188],"large":[192],"technical":[193],"platforms.":[194],"findings":[196],"might":[197],"not":[198],"be":[199],"same":[201],"other":[203],"sectors.":[204],"Originality/value":[205],"establishes":[208],"outside":[218],"domain":[220],"any":[222],"single":[223],"firm.":[224],"It":[225],"shows":[226],"how":[227],"openness":[229],"influences":[232],"choice":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
