{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995222193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510592389","title":"Six Sigma: concepts, tools, and applications","display_name":"Six Sigma: concepts, tools, and applications","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995222193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510592389","mag":"1995222193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/02635570510592389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510592389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37320504","display_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","issn_l":"0263-5577","issn":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081015649","display_name":"Mahesh S. Raisinghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-0686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150913223","display_name":"Texas Woman's University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dyzkj40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150913223"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh S. Raisinghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA","Texas Woman's University Denton Texas USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150913223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Woman's University Denton Texas USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150913223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005941515","display_name":"Hugh Ette","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugh Ette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090957953","display_name":"Roger Pierce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Pierce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024948995","display_name":"Glory Cannon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glory Cannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029878253","display_name":"Prathima Daripaly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prathima Daripaly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.1496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":317,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99504495,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"4","first_page":"491","last_page":"505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13164","display_name":"Quality and Management Systems","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-sigma","display_name":"Six Sigma","score":0.7561572790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma","display_name":"Sigma","score":0.4744192957878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4448716342449188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4057343006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36083805561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.311906635761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14953401684761047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23119410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908","display_name":"Six Sigma","level":3,"score":0.7561572790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.4744192957878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4448716342449188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4057343006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36083805561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.311906635761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14953401684761047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/02635570510592389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510592389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37320504","display_name":"Industrial Management & Data Systems","issn_l":"0263-5577","issn":["0263-5577","1758-5783"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.473.8827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.473.8827","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://process.uni.hu/article/06_test.PDF","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W425021189","https://openalex.org/W1492070156","https://openalex.org/W1607383884","https://openalex.org/W1968015042","https://openalex.org/W1988282101","https://openalex.org/W2027774149","https://openalex.org/W2084685053","https://openalex.org/W2109661921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2526355781","https://openalex.org/W2010530423","https://openalex.org/W2376050517","https://openalex.org/W1601839798","https://openalex.org/W2012465829","https://openalex.org/W1819446","https://openalex.org/W2725982103","https://openalex.org/W2091320486","https://openalex.org/W2129930794","https://openalex.org/W594616480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"\u2013":[1,23,55,151,180,208],"To":[2],"provide":[3,171],"a":[4,89,118,121,154,172,235],"sound":[5],"discussion":[6],"on":[7,223],"the":[8,33,48,112,138,145,197],"Six":[9,39,60,76,102,115,198,217],"Sigma":[10,40,61,77,103,116,199,218],"methodology":[11,200,237,247],"and":[12,36,41,92,124,157,187,192,205,230,234],"see":[13],"how":[14,42],"it":[15,43],"fits":[16],"in":[17,52,111,128,165],"with":[18,130],"other":[19,49,131],"quality":[20,50,134],"initiatives.":[21],"Design/methodology/approach":[22],"A":[24,181],"conceptual":[25,155],"paper":[26,210],"that":[27,238,254],"takes":[28],"at":[29,32],"in-depth":[30],"look":[31],"origins,":[34],"pros":[35,204],"cons":[37],"of":[38,47,59,185,228,245],"relates":[44],"to":[45,68,82,84,94,195,258],"some":[46],"initiatives":[51],"industry.":[53],"Findings":[54],"The":[56,243],"immediate":[57],"goal":[58],"is":[62,80,117,125,153,221],"defect":[63,78],"reduction.":[64,86],"Reduced":[65],"defects":[66],"lead":[67,83,257],"yield":[69],"improvement;":[70],"higher":[71],"yields":[72],"improve":[73],"customer":[74],"satisfaction.":[75],"reduction":[79],"intended":[81],"cost":[85],"It":[87,169,220],"has":[88,251],"process":[90,96],"focus":[91],"aims":[93],"highlight":[95],"improvement":[97],"opportunities":[98],"through":[99],"systematic":[100],"measurement.":[101],"implementation":[104],"can":[105,255],"have":[106],"negative":[107],"consequences":[108],"if":[109],"applied":[110],"wrong":[113],"project.":[114],"toolset,":[119],"not":[120],"management":[122],"system":[123],"best":[126],"used":[127],"conjunction":[129],"more":[132],"comprehensive":[133],"standards":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137,164],"Baldrige":[139],"Criteria":[140],"for":[141,175,190,216],"Performance":[142],"Excellence":[143],"or":[144],"European":[146],"Quality":[147],"Award.":[148],"Research":[149],"limitations/implications":[150],"This":[152,209],"study":[156],"hence":[158],"there":[159],"are":[160],"no":[161],"hypotheses":[162],"tested":[163],"an":[166,212,225,249],"empirical":[167],"study.":[168],"does":[170],"good":[173],"foundation":[174],"future":[176],"research.":[177],"Practical":[178],"implications":[179],"very":[182],"useful":[183],"source":[184],"information":[186],"impartial":[188],"advice":[189],"practitioners":[191],"researchers":[193],"planning":[194],"practice":[196],"and/or":[201],"understand":[202],"its":[203],"cons.":[206],"Originality/value":[207],"fulfils":[211],"identified":[213],"information/resources":[214],"need":[215],"methodology.":[219],"based":[222],"utilizing":[224],"extensive":[226],"set":[227],"statistical":[229],"advanced":[231],"mathematical":[232],"tools,":[233],"well-defined":[236],"produces":[239],"significant":[240,252],"results":[241],"quickly.":[242],"success":[244],"this":[246],"within":[248],"organization":[250],"momentum":[253],"only":[256],"fundamental":[259],"organizational":[260],"cultural":[261],"transformation.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
