{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980314339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910910950531","title":"Retinex theory\u2010based shadow detection and removal in single outdoor image","display_name":"Retinex theory\u2010based shadow detection and removal in single outdoor image","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980314339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910910950531","mag":"1980314339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/01439910910950531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910910950531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166948985","display_name":"Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application","issn_l":"0143-991X","issn":["0143-991X","1758-5791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Robot: An International Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101823419","display_name":"Jing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5783-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","(State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101818810","display_name":"Jiandong Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5027-1381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","(State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102086276","display_name":"Yingkui Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingkui Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","(State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091319287","display_name":"Yandong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-7654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yandong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101823419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06835541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"263","last_page":"269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.8253515958786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.8004156351089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7940155267715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-constancy","display_name":"Color constancy","score":0.7783373594284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6631706357002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4713026285171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-illuminant","display_name":"Standard illuminant","score":0.45243197679519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4491816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.42834874987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0784890353679657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8253515958786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.8004156351089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7940155267715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.7783373594284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6631706357002258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4713026285171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129112856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375479","display_name":"Standard illuminant","level":2,"score":0.45243197679519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4491816759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.42834874987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0784890353679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/01439910910950531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910910950531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166948985","display_name":"Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application","issn_l":"0143-991X","issn":["0143-991X","1758-5791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Robot: An International Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58069391","https://openalex.org/W1704999350","https://openalex.org/W1735972308","https://openalex.org/W1839923048","https://openalex.org/W1990675808","https://openalex.org/W2001111768","https://openalex.org/W2010073476","https://openalex.org/W2010828461","https://openalex.org/W2012766327","https://openalex.org/W2023151535","https://openalex.org/W2039369076","https://openalex.org/W2039722154","https://openalex.org/W2050539033","https://openalex.org/W2096921433","https://openalex.org/W2098762572","https://openalex.org/W2107026553","https://openalex.org/W2116919352","https://openalex.org/W2117763322","https://openalex.org/W2127293598","https://openalex.org/W2130210787","https://openalex.org/W2136427942","https://openalex.org/W2144720632","https://openalex.org/W2149550213","https://openalex.org/W2150721269","https://openalex.org/W2155213743","https://openalex.org/W2164734564","https://openalex.org/W2169338358","https://openalex.org/W2171548319","https://openalex.org/W6602404414","https://openalex.org/W6638658265","https://openalex.org/W6653529697","https://openalex.org/W6677682744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229443788","https://openalex.org/W4361791316","https://openalex.org/W2791649613","https://openalex.org/W2068355230","https://openalex.org/W2132846374","https://openalex.org/W2197278379","https://openalex.org/W2134180190","https://openalex.org/W1965740104","https://openalex.org/W2096492340","https://openalex.org/W2195162486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Shadows,":[1],"the":[2,61,65,70,88,95,102,106,113,117,134,137,153,165,170,173,205],"common":[3],"phenomena":[4],"in":[5,12,21,42,94,101,112,142,164,204],"most":[6],"outdoor":[7,23,44,150,206],"scenes,":[8],"bring":[9],"many":[10],"problems":[11],"practical":[13],"image":[14,45,75],"processing.":[15,145],"Shadow":[16],"detection":[17],"and":[18,38,109,129,156,187,198,202],"removal,":[19],"especial":[20],"uncalibrated":[22],"image,":[24],"is":[25,35,79,194],"still":[26],"a":[27,57],"difficult":[28],"problem.":[29],"The":[30,51,97,176,189],"purpose":[31],"of":[32,73,139,172,191],"this":[33,192],"paper":[34,103],"to":[36,39,68,126],"detect":[37],"remove":[40],"shadows":[41],"single":[43,149],"based":[46],"on":[47],"retinex":[48,63,118],"theory.":[49],"Design/methodology/approach":[50],"shadow":[52,71,98,107,127,131,140,143],"extraction":[53],"algorithm":[54,100],"originates":[55],"from":[56],"simple":[58],"idea":[59],"that":[60],"human\u2010vision\u2010based":[62],"has":[64],"natural":[66],"ability":[67],"enhance":[69],"regions":[72,108,111,155,160],"an":[74],"no":[76],"matter":[77],"it":[78],"penumbrae":[80,201],"or":[81],"umbrae.":[82],"Shadows":[83],"are":[84,161],"detected":[85],"by":[86],"comparing":[87],"retinex\u2010enhanced":[89],"images":[90,93,114,151],"with":[91,105,152,158],"original":[92],"paper.":[96,166],"removal":[99,144],"deals":[104],"non\u2010shadow":[110],"separately":[115],"using":[116],"enhancement":[119],"algorithm.":[120],"Through":[121],"adding":[122],"smooth":[123],"light":[124],"forcibly":[125],"edges":[128,141],"introducing":[130],"edge":[132],"masks,":[133],"authors":[135],"reduce":[136],"effects":[138],"Findings":[146],"Some":[147],"real":[148],"umbra":[154],"those":[157],"penumbra":[159],"both":[162,200],"experimented":[163],"Experimental":[167],"results":[168],"validate":[169],"feasibility":[171,190],"approach.":[174],"Originality/value":[175],"approach":[177],"proposed":[178],"here":[179],"does":[180],"not":[181],"use":[182],"any":[183],"special":[184],"prior":[185],"knowledge":[186],"assumptions.":[188],"method":[193],"testified":[195],"for":[196],"detecting":[197],"removing":[199],"umbrae":[203],"images.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}