{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030886252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410010803810","title":"The evaluation of WWW search engines","display_name":"The evaluation of WWW search engines","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030886252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410010803810","mag":"2030886252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/00220410010803810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410010803810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005748252","display_name":"Charles Oppenheim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-3572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Oppenheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU","(Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics. LE11 3TU)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics. LE11 3TU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004147969","display_name":"Anne Morris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028987664","display_name":"Cliff McKnight","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. McKnight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048925136","display_name":"S. Lowley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Lowley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Loughborough University Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98980934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"190","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13976","display_name":"Web visibility and informetrics","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.751667857170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.7073831558227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6791681051254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6628925800323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6501673460006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5822004079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metasearch-engine","display_name":"Metasearch engine","score":0.5792291164398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5703511834144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-analytics","display_name":"Search analytics","score":0.5485228300094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5115936398506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.49595460295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-crawler","display_name":"Web crawler","score":0.41636785864830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.402736634016037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3798181712627411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0974963903427124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.751667857170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.7073831558227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6791681051254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6628925800323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6501673460006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5822004079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173979980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114106","display_name":"Metasearch engine","level":4,"score":0.5792291164398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5703511834144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14838553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441639","display_name":"Search analytics","level":4,"score":0.5485228300094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5115936398506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.49595460295677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13743948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45842","display_name":"Web crawler","level":2,"score":0.41636785864830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.402736634016037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3798181712627411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0974963903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/00220410010803810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410010803810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10082577","display_name":"Journal of Documentation","issn_l":"0022-0418","issn":["0022-0418","1758-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Documentation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65191766","https://openalex.org/W76650195","https://openalex.org/W191869375","https://openalex.org/W267501866","https://openalex.org/W327968216","https://openalex.org/W567459718","https://openalex.org/W644141603","https://openalex.org/W1507112395","https://openalex.org/W1511838412","https://openalex.org/W1524316754","https://openalex.org/W1542825220","https://openalex.org/W1553330854","https://openalex.org/W1571061851","https://openalex.org/W1595357929","https://openalex.org/W1605217017","https://openalex.org/W1970519052","https://openalex.org/W1975413200","https://openalex.org/W1985225159","https://openalex.org/W1986355014","https://openalex.org/W1994556419","https://openalex.org/W1999268261","https://openalex.org/W2002731617","https://openalex.org/W2003816267","https://openalex.org/W2017794128","https://openalex.org/W2019987268","https://openalex.org/W2022866785","https://openalex.org/W2038507709","https://openalex.org/W2038710491","https://openalex.org/W2040214686","https://openalex.org/W2046457374","https://openalex.org/W2070214155","https://openalex.org/W2071098104","https://openalex.org/W2072619760","https://openalex.org/W2082179583","https://openalex.org/W2082919200","https://openalex.org/W2105276905","https://openalex.org/W2125697154","https://openalex.org/W2147164982","https://openalex.org/W2152570188","https://openalex.org/W2164774161","https://openalex.org/W2215854593","https://openalex.org/W2344558104","https://openalex.org/W2912761915","https://openalex.org/W4254360320","https://openalex.org/W4301519770","https://openalex.org/W4323345802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181560882","https://openalex.org/W4206776910","https://openalex.org/W2374021970","https://openalex.org/W2885550273","https://openalex.org/W2185312392","https://openalex.org/W68327059","https://openalex.org/W2223855511","https://openalex.org/W2351412568","https://openalex.org/W3210975432","https://openalex.org/W2547614144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,76,122],"literature":[1],"of":[2,5,57,65,83,90,112,132,143,146],"the":[3,23,36,46,53,88,137,144],"evaluation":[4,58,67,89],"Internet":[6,49],"search":[7,92,103,115],"engines":[8,93,104],"is":[9,33,40,59,85],"reviewed.":[10],"Although":[11],"there":[12,17],"have":[13,27],"been":[14,19,28,70],"many":[15],"studies,":[16],"has":[18,69],"little":[20],"consistency":[21],"in":[22,45,96,110],"way":[24],"such":[25,128],"studies":[26],"carried":[29],"out.":[30],"This":[31],"problem":[32],"exacerbated":[34],"by":[35],"fact":[37],"that":[38,79,108],"recall":[39],"virtually":[41],"impossible":[42],"to":[43,72],"calculate":[44],"fast":[47],"changing":[48],"environment,":[50],"and":[51,107,139],"therefore":[52],"traditional":[54],"Cranfield":[55],"type":[56],"not":[60,126],"usually":[61],"possible.":[62],"A":[63],"variety":[64],"alternative":[66],"methods":[68],"suggested":[71],"overcome":[73],"this":[74],"difficulty.":[75],"authors":[77],"recommend":[78],"a":[80,129],"standardised":[81],"set":[82,131],"tools":[84,147],"developed":[86],"for":[87],"web":[91],"so":[94],"that,":[95],"future,":[97],"comparisons":[98],"can":[99,119],"be":[100,120],"made":[101],"between":[102],"more":[105],"effectively,":[106],"variations":[109],"performance":[111],"any":[113],"given":[114],"engine":[116],"over":[117],"time":[118],"tracked.":[121],"paper":[123],"itself":[124],"does":[125],"provide":[127],"standard":[130],"tools,":[133],"but":[134],"it":[135],"investigates":[136],"issues":[138],"makes":[140],"preliminary":[141],"recommendations":[142],"types":[145],"needed.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
