{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388669353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad102","title":"Improved semantic segmentation network using normal vector guidance for LiDAR point clouds","display_name":"Improved semantic segmentation network using normal vector guidance for LiDAR point clouds","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388669353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwad102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad102","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad102/53381445/qwad102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad102/53381445/qwad102.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Minsung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9515-7544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea","The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju and 61005, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9515-7544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju and 61005, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060050800","display_name":"Inyoung Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-4788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inyoung Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea","The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju and 61005, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju and 61005, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043877016","display_name":"Dongho Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-2571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongho Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Mobility Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Gwangju 61012 , Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Mobility Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology , Gwangju 61012 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006361656","display_name":"Kwang Hee Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwanghee Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea","The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju and 61005, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-5796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Gwangju and 61005, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006361656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"],"apc_list":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"apc_paid":{"value":1650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1650},"fwci":0.6358,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64717082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"2332","last_page":"2344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7846394181251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7359106540679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7271838188171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7230885624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6238717436790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6063916683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5981164574623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5316539406776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4903757572174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47511252760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4140443801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.26467472314834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17581483721733093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7846394181251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7359106540679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7271838188171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7230885624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6238717436790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6063916683197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5981164574623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5316539406776428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4903757572174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47511252760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4140443801879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.26467472314834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17581483721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwad102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad102","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad102/53381445/qwad102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jcde/qwad102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwad102","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jcde/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jcde/qwad102/53381445/qwad102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485147958","display_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","issn_l":"2288-4300","issn":["2288-4300","2288-5048"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4220579660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KITECH JA-23-0011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322092","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G457980055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JA-23-0011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322092","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6041427874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KITECH JA-23\u20130011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322092","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322092","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388669353.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100816864","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2962912109","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W3044549235","https://openalex.org/W3107479685","https://openalex.org/W3210492780","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4240153047","https://openalex.org/W4245286259","https://openalex.org/W4290189501","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4295027611","https://openalex.org/W4362525552","https://openalex.org/W6659984577","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6745896446","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6766771393","https://openalex.org/W6770461684","https://openalex.org/W6773342343","https://openalex.org/W6775748998","https://openalex.org/W6795773712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"Light":[2],"Detection":[3],"and":[4,63,137,162,184,208],"Ranging":[5],"(LiDAR)":[6],"sensors":[7],"become":[8],"increasingly":[9],"prevalent":[10],"in":[11,187],"the":[12,17,54,61,67,71,89,93,106,110,117,139,143,148,153,158],"field":[13],"of":[14,23,56,66,95,109,112,171],"autonomous":[15],"driving,":[16],"need":[18],"for":[19,131,182,197,200,203,206,210],"accurate":[20],"semantic":[21],"segmentation":[22,40],"three-dimensional":[24],"points":[25],"grows":[26],"accordingly.":[27],"To":[28],"address":[29],"this":[30],"challenge,":[31],"we":[32,48,75],"propose":[33,127],"a":[34,50,77,188],"novel":[35,78],"network":[36,90,118],"model":[37],"that":[38,83,141,152],"enhances":[39],"performance":[41,94,178],"by":[42,59],"utilizing":[43],"normal":[44,57,85,100],"vector":[45,86],"information.":[46],"Firstly,":[47],"present":[49],"method":[51],"to":[52,91,105,119],"improve":[53,92],"accuracy":[55],"estimation":[58],"using":[60,147],"intensity":[62],"reflection":[64],"angles":[65],"light":[68],"emitted":[69],"from":[70],"LiDAR":[72],"sensor.":[73],"Secondly,":[74],"introduce":[76],"local":[79,96,107,132],"feature":[80,97,133],"aggregation":[81],"module":[82],"integrates":[84],"information":[87,101],"into":[88],"extraction.":[98],"The":[99],"is":[102],"closely":[103],"related":[104],"structure":[108],"shape":[111],"an":[113],"object,":[114],"which":[115],"helps":[116],"associate":[120],"unique":[121],"features":[122],"with":[123,180],"corresponding":[124],"objects.":[125],"We":[126],"four":[128],"different":[129],"structures":[130],"aggregation,":[134],"evaluate":[135],"them,":[136],"choose":[138],"one":[140],"shows":[142,175],"best":[144],"performance.":[145],"Experiments":[146],"SemanticKITTI":[149],"dataset":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"proposed":[154],"architecture":[155],"outperforms":[156],"both":[157],"baseline":[159],"models,":[160],"RandLA-Net,":[161],"other":[163],"existing":[164],"methods,":[165],"achieving":[166],"mean":[167],"intersection":[168],"over":[169],"union":[170],"57.9%.":[172],"Furthermore,":[173],"it":[174,194],"highly":[176],"competitive":[177],"compared":[179],"RandLA-Net":[181],"small":[183],"dynamic":[185],"objects":[186],"real":[189],"road":[190],"environment.":[191],"For":[192],"example,":[193],"yielded":[195],"95.2%":[196],"cars,":[198],"47.4%":[199],"bicycles,":[201,207],"41.0%":[202],"motorcycles,":[204],"57.4%":[205],"53.2%":[209],"pedestrians.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
