{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979715301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz152","title":"Consumer health information and question answering: helping consumers find answers to their health-related information needs","display_name":"Consumer health information and question answering: helping consumers find answers to their health-related information needs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979715301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz152","mag":"2979715301","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7025352","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046764593","display_name":"Dina Demner\u2010Fushman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dina Demner-Fushman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037733110","display_name":"Yassine Mrabet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yassine Mrabet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011349649","display_name":"Asma Ben Abacha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Ben Abacha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046764593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5995,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99287594,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"194","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.19789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-reciprocal-rank","display_name":"Mean reciprocal rank","score":0.7606688737869263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6818844079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.621862530708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.6074432730674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5580993294715881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5398513674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5286039710044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5142659544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5015764236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.44587942957878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38319265842437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3560931980609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1020556092262268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44083865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3853443","display_name":"Mean reciprocal rank","level":2,"score":0.7606688737869263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6818844079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.621862530708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6074432730674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5580993294715881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5398513674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5286039710044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5142659544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5015764236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44587942957878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38319265842437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3560931980609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1020556092262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049293","descriptor_name":"MedlinePlus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049293","descriptor_name":"MedlinePlus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049293","descriptor_name":"MedlinePlus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054626","descriptor_name":"Consumer Health Information","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054626","descriptor_name":"Consumer Health Information","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054626","descriptor_name":"Consumer Health Information","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057386","descriptor_name":"Search Engine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057386","descriptor_name":"Search Engine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057386","descriptor_name":"Search Engine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066264","descriptor_name":"Datasets as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jamia/ocz152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31592532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7025352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7025352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7025352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7025352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995311669","https://openalex.org/W2007105673","https://openalex.org/W2062935223","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2345785790","https://openalex.org/W2412542244","https://openalex.org/W2419826580","https://openalex.org/W2582146834","https://openalex.org/W2604748391","https://openalex.org/W2620686931","https://openalex.org/W2620811048","https://openalex.org/W2621238059","https://openalex.org/W2793567354","https://openalex.org/W2900866666","https://openalex.org/W2911374865","https://openalex.org/W2913352150","https://openalex.org/W2990031975","https://openalex.org/W3023167149","https://openalex.org/W6715329436","https://openalex.org/W6717238570","https://openalex.org/W6732852975","https://openalex.org/W6738538939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3130378938","https://openalex.org/W2969318268","https://openalex.org/W1575184037","https://openalex.org/W2401488880","https://openalex.org/W1569284118","https://openalex.org/W4245477095","https://openalex.org/W3101676040","https://openalex.org/W3194543085","https://openalex.org/W2025252807","https://openalex.org/W4297883370"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Consumers":[1],"increasingly":[2],"turn":[3],"to":[4,26,40,46,68,110,196,222,228],"the":[5,74,82,103,111,173,183,237],"internet":[6],"in":[7,92,172],"search":[8,34],"of":[9,29,96,114,152,158,208,219],"health-related":[10,230],"information;":[11],"and":[12,20,36,64,72,85,105,126,135,140,163,169,211,241],"they":[13],"want":[14],"their":[15,229],"questions":[16,50,71,90,108,147,231,236],"answered":[17],"with":[18,51,246],"short":[19,104],"precise":[21],"passages,":[22],"rather":[23],"than":[24],"needing":[25],"analyze":[27],"lists":[28],"relevant":[30],"documents":[31],"returned":[32],"by":[33,116,149],"engines":[35],"reading":[37],"each":[38],"document":[39],"find":[41,225],"an":[42],"answer.":[43],"We":[44,59,80],"aim":[45],"answer":[47],"consumer":[48],"health":[49],"information":[52,209],"from":[53,77,205],"reliable":[54,226,238],"sources.":[55,79],"MATERIALS":[56],"AND":[57],"METHODS:":[58],"combine":[60],"knowledge-based,":[61],"traditional":[62,164],"machine":[63],"deep":[65,159],"learning":[66],"approaches":[67,165,189],"understand":[69],"consumers'":[70,185],"select":[73],"best":[75],"answers":[76,195,227,239],"consumer-oriented":[78],"evaluate":[81],"end-to-end":[83],"system":[84,120],"its":[86],"components":[87],"on":[88,131,145,182],"simple":[89,132,174,197],"generated":[91],"a":[93,206],"pilot":[94,216],"development":[95],"MedlinePlus":[97],"Alexa":[98,133,198],"skill,":[99],"as":[100,102],"well":[101,171],"long":[106],"real-life":[107,146,184,201],"submitted":[109,148],"National":[112,150],"Library":[113,151],"Medicine":[115,153],"consumers.":[117,154],"RESULTS:":[118],"Our":[119],"achieves":[121],"78.7%":[122],"mean":[123,128,137,142],"average":[124,138],"precision":[125,139],"87.9%":[127],"reciprocal":[129,143],"rank":[130,144],"questions,":[134,175,202],"44.5%":[136],"51.6%":[141],"DISCUSSION:":[155],"The":[156],"ensemble":[157],"learning,":[160],"domain":[161],"knowledge,":[162],"recognizes":[166],"question":[167],"type":[168],"focus":[170],"but":[176],"it":[177],"leaves":[178],"room":[179],"for":[180,193,234],"improvement":[181],"questions.":[186,199],"Information":[187],"retrieval":[188,210],"alone":[190],"are":[191],"sufficient":[192],"finding":[194],"Answering":[200],"however,":[203],"benefits":[204],"combination":[207],"inference":[212],"approaches.":[213],"CONCLUSION:":[214],"A":[215],"practical":[217],"implementation":[218],"research":[220],"needed":[221],"help":[223],"consumers":[224],"demonstrates":[232],"that":[233],"most":[235],"exist":[240],"can":[242],"be":[243],"found":[244],"automatically":[245],"acceptable":[247],"accuracy.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}