{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307517975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxac147","title":"Rainbow Tables: How Far Can CPU Go?","display_name":"Rainbow Tables: How Far Can CPU Go?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307517975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxac147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxac147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxac147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04349301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075565293","display_name":"Gildas Avoine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9743-1779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28221208","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04xaa4j22","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gildas Avoine","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, INSA Rennes , IRISA, FRANCE","Security & PrIvaCY","Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es - Rennes","Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, INSA Rennes , IRISA, FRANCE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security & PrIvaCY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es - Rennes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033300489","display_name":"Xavier Carpent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-6940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Carpent","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, School of Computer Science , UK","University of Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, School of Computer Science , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027886464","display_name":"Diane Leblanc-Albarel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5979-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28221208","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04xaa4j22","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diane Leblanc-Albarel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, INSA Rennes , IRISA, FRANCE","Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es - Rennes","Security & PrIvaCY","Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","CNRS-formation Entreprise"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, INSA Rennes , IRISA, FRANCE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es - Rennes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security & PrIvaCY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS-formation Entreprise","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027886464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208"],"apc_list":{"value":2635,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3232},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63648846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"12","first_page":"3029","last_page":"3037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precomputation","display_name":"Precomputation","score":0.9383611679077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8136500120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7195118069648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6087766885757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.5737906098365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainbow","display_name":"Rainbow","score":0.5637760162353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/login","display_name":"Login","score":0.4845380187034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3399641513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3283618092536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.19905593991279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19684487581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07761454582214355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159379195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239568","display_name":"Precomputation","level":3,"score":0.9383611679077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8136500120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7195118069648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6087766885757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5737906098365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776558979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052","display_name":"Rainbow","level":2,"score":0.5637760162353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.4845380187034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3399641513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3283618092536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.19905593991279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19684487581253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07761454582214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxac147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxac147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44643521","display_name":"The Computer Journal","issn_l":"0010-4620","issn":["0010-4620","1460-2067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Computer Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04349301v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04349301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2022, pp.3029-3037. ⟨10.1093/comjnl/bxac147⟩","raw_type":"Other publications"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04349301v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04349301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2022, pp.3029-3037. ⟨10.1093/comjnl/bxac147⟩","raw_type":"Other publications"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574129007","https://openalex.org/W1486832566","https://openalex.org/W1488329615","https://openalex.org/W1540466574","https://openalex.org/W1580394054","https://openalex.org/W1617319666","https://openalex.org/W2012646342","https://openalex.org/W2023685621","https://openalex.org/W2171222077","https://openalex.org/W2403950335","https://openalex.org/W2916836777","https://openalex.org/W3204579600","https://openalex.org/W6713753074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W126258643","https://openalex.org/W2157769033","https://openalex.org/W2096978683","https://openalex.org/W2687399516","https://openalex.org/W2543067032","https://openalex.org/W2394414377","https://openalex.org/W2170398238","https://openalex.org/W2386551956","https://openalex.org/W3029113864","https://openalex.org/W2020308516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Rainbow":[1],"tables":[2,42],"are":[3,50],"techniques":[4],"commonly":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7],"computer":[8],"security":[9],"to":[10,16,73],"invert":[11],"one-way":[12],"functions,":[13],"for":[14],"instance":[15],"crack":[17],"passwords,":[18],"when":[19,43],"the":[20,30,33,44,47,56,61,69,93,100],"domain":[21],"of":[22,83,99],"definition":[23],"is":[24,58],"reasonably":[25],"sized.":[26],"This":[27],"article":[28],"explores":[29],"limit":[31],"on":[32,88,92],"problem":[34],"size":[35],"that":[36,55],"can":[37,85],"be":[38,86],"treated":[39],"by":[40],"rainbow":[41],"precomputation":[45,70],"and":[46,68,95],"attack":[48],"phases":[49],"both":[51],"CPU-driven.":[52],"We":[53,79],"conclude":[54],"bottleneck":[57],"no":[59],"longer":[60],"memory":[62],"as":[63],"it":[64],"may":[65],"have":[66,74],"been":[67,75],"phase":[71],"seems":[72],"underestimated":[76],"so":[77],"far.":[78],"offer":[80],"a":[81],"comparison":[82],"what":[84],"done":[87],"different":[89],"environments":[90],"depending":[91],"needs":[94],"available":[96],"computing":[97],"power":[98],"users.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}